Bio 100 exam 4 AHC UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
List the organized hierarchy of most animal bodies (begin with cells) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
Explain the concept of homeostasis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Homeostasis is the ability
of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What is a negative feedback loop? Give an example in the human body. - CORRECT
ANSWER - A negative feedback loop is a mechanism that reduces or stops a process to
maintain homeostasis. An example is the regulation of body temperature: if the body gets too
hot, mechanisms like sweating are activated to cool it down.
Describe the thermoregulation of endothermic and ectothermic animals. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Endothermic animals generate their own heat internally, while ectothermic
animals rely on external sources for heat.
How are homeotherms different than heterotherms? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Homeotherms maintain a constant internal body temperature, while heterotherms can have
variable body temperatures.
What is the function of the digestive system? - CORRECT ANSWER - The function of the
digestive system is to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste
List the pathway of food as it moves through the digestive system. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
Where does the majority of absorption occur during digestion? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The majority of absorption occurs in the small intestine.
, Explain the structure and function of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Villi are finger-like projections and microvilli are even smaller projections on
the villi. They increase the surface area of the small intestine for efficient nutrient absorption.
Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Air enters through the nasal cavity or mouth, passes through the pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and finally reaches the alveoli in the lungs.
Describe the characteristics of alveoli that make them effective at gas exchange. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Alveoli have thin walls, a large surface area, and are surrounded by
capillaries, which facilitates efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Describe the functions of the circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER - The circulatory
system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, and
helps regulate body temperature and fight infections
What is the function of the semilunar and atrioventricular valves? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood. Semilunar valves are
located between the ventricles and arteries, while atrioventricular valves are located between the
atria and ventricles
What is an EKG and where does the electrical impulse of the heart begin? - CORRECT
ANSWER - An EKG (electrocardiogram) is a test that measures the electrical activity of
the heart. The electrical impulse begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node
Compare and contrast arteries, veins, and capillaries. - CORRECT ANSWER - Arteries
carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated), veins carry blood towards the heart
(usually deoxygenated), and capillaries are tiny vessels where exchange of substances occurs
between blood and tissues. Arteries have thicker, more elastic walls than veins.
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure when measuring blood pressure? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Systolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart
contracts, while diastolic pressure is the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
List the organized hierarchy of most animal bodies (begin with cells) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
Explain the concept of homeostasis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Homeostasis is the ability
of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What is a negative feedback loop? Give an example in the human body. - CORRECT
ANSWER - A negative feedback loop is a mechanism that reduces or stops a process to
maintain homeostasis. An example is the regulation of body temperature: if the body gets too
hot, mechanisms like sweating are activated to cool it down.
Describe the thermoregulation of endothermic and ectothermic animals. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Endothermic animals generate their own heat internally, while ectothermic
animals rely on external sources for heat.
How are homeotherms different than heterotherms? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Homeotherms maintain a constant internal body temperature, while heterotherms can have
variable body temperatures.
What is the function of the digestive system? - CORRECT ANSWER - The function of the
digestive system is to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste
List the pathway of food as it moves through the digestive system. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
Where does the majority of absorption occur during digestion? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The majority of absorption occurs in the small intestine.
, Explain the structure and function of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Villi are finger-like projections and microvilli are even smaller projections on
the villi. They increase the surface area of the small intestine for efficient nutrient absorption.
Describe the passage of air from the outside environment to the lungs. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Air enters through the nasal cavity or mouth, passes through the pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and finally reaches the alveoli in the lungs.
Describe the characteristics of alveoli that make them effective at gas exchange. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Alveoli have thin walls, a large surface area, and are surrounded by
capillaries, which facilitates efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Describe the functions of the circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER - The circulatory
system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, and
helps regulate body temperature and fight infections
What is the function of the semilunar and atrioventricular valves? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood. Semilunar valves are
located between the ventricles and arteries, while atrioventricular valves are located between the
atria and ventricles
What is an EKG and where does the electrical impulse of the heart begin? - CORRECT
ANSWER - An EKG (electrocardiogram) is a test that measures the electrical activity of
the heart. The electrical impulse begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node
Compare and contrast arteries, veins, and capillaries. - CORRECT ANSWER - Arteries
carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated), veins carry blood towards the heart
(usually deoxygenated), and capillaries are tiny vessels where exchange of substances occurs
between blood and tissues. Arteries have thicker, more elastic walls than veins.
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure when measuring blood pressure? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Systolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart
contracts, while diastolic pressure is the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats
