BIO 100 Exam 2 (Genetics) UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER - a unit of heredity transferred from parents to offspring
and/or
Gene: a distinct sequence of nucleic acids forming part of a chromosome
Allele (dominate/recessive) - CORRECT ANSWER - alternate forms or varieties of a
gene, an allele from each parent
D:an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
R:an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - physical or detectable trait
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - is an individual's collection of genes. The term also
can refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene. The genotype is expressed when the
information encoded in the genes' DNA is used to make protein and RNA molecules
polygenic trait - CORRECT ANSWER - trait from many genes
Most traits: Height, Hair color, Eye color
mendelian trait - CORRECT ANSWER - trait from one gene
(e.g Tounge Rolling)
Autosome - CORRECT ANSWER - non sex chromosomes, 22 pairs in humans
, sex-linked trait - CORRECT ANSWER - Sex Chromosomes: 1 pair
XX female (2 full length)
XY male (1 full length & one short)
Sex-Linked Traits
codon - CORRECT ANSWER - A set of three adjacent nucleotides, also called triplet, in
mRNA that base-pair with the corresponding aniticodon of tRNA molecule that carries a
particular amino acid, hence, specifying the type and sequence of amino acids for protein
synthesis
mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the
genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements
heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 different alleles
Ww
homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 of the same alleles
WW or ww
4 subdivisions of Genetics (examples of each) - CORRECT ANSWER - Classical:
Describes how traits (Physical characteristics) are passed from one generation to another (ex.
pedigree a study of ancestry)
Molecular: The study of chemical and physical structures of DNA, RNA, and proteins (e.g.
investigation of how genetic code works on levels of DNA and RNA)
Population: takes Mendelian genetics (genetics of individual families) and ramps it up to look at
genetic makeup of larger groups (e.g. whte and brown rabbits, BB,Bb,bb)
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Gene - CORRECT ANSWER - a unit of heredity transferred from parents to offspring
and/or
Gene: a distinct sequence of nucleic acids forming part of a chromosome
Allele (dominate/recessive) - CORRECT ANSWER - alternate forms or varieties of a
gene, an allele from each parent
D:an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
R:an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - physical or detectable trait
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - is an individual's collection of genes. The term also
can refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene. The genotype is expressed when the
information encoded in the genes' DNA is used to make protein and RNA molecules
polygenic trait - CORRECT ANSWER - trait from many genes
Most traits: Height, Hair color, Eye color
mendelian trait - CORRECT ANSWER - trait from one gene
(e.g Tounge Rolling)
Autosome - CORRECT ANSWER - non sex chromosomes, 22 pairs in humans
, sex-linked trait - CORRECT ANSWER - Sex Chromosomes: 1 pair
XX female (2 full length)
XY male (1 full length & one short)
Sex-Linked Traits
codon - CORRECT ANSWER - A set of three adjacent nucleotides, also called triplet, in
mRNA that base-pair with the corresponding aniticodon of tRNA molecule that carries a
particular amino acid, hence, specifying the type and sequence of amino acids for protein
synthesis
mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the
genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements
heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 different alleles
Ww
homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 of the same alleles
WW or ww
4 subdivisions of Genetics (examples of each) - CORRECT ANSWER - Classical:
Describes how traits (Physical characteristics) are passed from one generation to another (ex.
pedigree a study of ancestry)
Molecular: The study of chemical and physical structures of DNA, RNA, and proteins (e.g.
investigation of how genetic code works on levels of DNA and RNA)
Population: takes Mendelian genetics (genetics of individual families) and ramps it up to look at
genetic makeup of larger groups (e.g. whte and brown rabbits, BB,Bb,bb)
