TCDHA Rad Theory-Weeks 10-15 | | | |
Exam with precise detailed | | | |
solutions
Film Processing - Correct answer ✔a series of steps that produce a visible
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
permanent diagnostic image on a dental radiograph
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purpose of chemical processing - Correct answer ✔1) covert latent image->
| | | | | | | | | | |
visible image |
2) preserve visible image
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latent image - Correct answer ✔invisible image
| | | | | |
- becomes visible under special dark room conditions
| | | | | | |
-remains invisible within the film emulsion until it undergoes chemical
| | | | | | | | | |
processing procedures. |
silver halide crystals - Correct answer ✔-absorb x-radiation during X-ray
| | | | | | | | | |
exposure and store X-ray from the radiation
| | | | | |
reduction - Correct answer ✔-the halide portion of the exposed, energized silver
| | | | | | | | | | |
halide crystals are removed
| | | |
-result in black metallic silver images
| | | | |
,selective reduction - Correct answer ✔-reduction of energized- crystals = black
| | | | | | | | | | |
metallic silver | |
-unexposed, unenergized crystals= removed from film
| | | | |
developer solution - Correct answer ✔-chemical solution
| | | | | |
-distinguish between exposed/ unexposed silver halide crystals
| | | | | |
-initiates chemical reaction- reduces exposed silver halide crystals -> black
| | | | | | | | | |
metallic silver + dark/black areas on radiograph
| | | | | |
-unexposed crystals= unaffected by developer
| | | |
- ideal temp= 20C (68F)
| | | |
fixer solution - Correct answer ✔-chemical solution
| | | | | | |
- removes unexposed halide crystals= white/clear areas on radiograph
| | | | | | | | |
- the black- metallic silver remains on the film (not removed)
| | | | | | | | | |
film processing solutions - Correct answer ✔-fresh chemicals produce best
| | | | | | | | | |
radiographs
-replenished daily- changed every 3-4 weeks | | | | |
developer composition - Correct answer ✔developing agent, preservative,
| | | | | | | |
accelerator, restrainer |
developing/reducing agent - Correct answer ✔- optimum temp= 68F | | | | | | | |
,-hydroquinone- converts exposed crystals to black metallic silver= producing| | | | | | | | |
black tones and contrast
| | | |
-elon/metol- converts crystals to black metallic silver= many shades of grey on
| | | | | | | | | | | |
a radiograph
|
preservative (developer) - Correct answer ✔sodium sulfite- prevents oxidation
| | | | | | | | |
of the developing agents
| | |
accelerator - Correct answer ✔sodium carbonate- activates developing agents
| | | | | | | |
-provides alkaline environment for developing agents
| | | | |
-softens gelatine of film emulsion
| | | |
restrainer - Correct answer ✔potassium bromide- controls developer
| | | | | | |
- prevents developer from developing unexposed crystals
| | | | | |
-prevents fogging |
fixer composition - Correct answer ✔fixing agent, preservative, hardening
| | | | | | | | |
agent, acidifier |
fixing/ clearing agent - Correct answer ✔*ammonium thiosulfate/sodium
| | | | | | | |
thiosulfate*
-removes/clears all unexposed developed crystals from emulsion | | | | | |
Preservative in fixer - Correct answer ✔sodium sulfite - prevents the
| | | | | | | | | | |
deterioration of the fixing agent | | | |
, hardening agent - Correct answer ✔potassium alum- hards and shrinks
| | | | | | | | | |
emulsion
acidifier - Correct answer ✔acetic acid or sulfuric acid
| | | | | | | |
-neutralizes alkaline developer- stops further development
| | | | |
-produces necessary acidic environment
| | |
automatic processing - Correct answer ✔roller transport system to move the
| | | | | | | | | | |
dental film through the Developer,fixer,water, drying compartments
| | | | | |
components of automatic processor - Correct answer ✔-drying compartment
| | | | | | | |
-replenisher pump/solutions |
-film recovery slot
| |
light film - Correct answer ✔appears very light- low density
| | | | | | | | | |
- causes: insufficient developing time, low developer temp, contaminated
| | | | | | | | |
developer, inaccurate timer/thermometer
| |
dark film - Correct answer ✔appears very dark- high density
| | | | | | | | |
- causes: excessive developing time, high temp, inaccurate timer/thermometer
| | | | | | | |
reticulation - Correct answer ✔cause: sudden change between developer and
| | | | | | | | | |
water bath temp
| |
Exam with precise detailed | | | |
solutions
Film Processing - Correct answer ✔a series of steps that produce a visible
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
permanent diagnostic image on a dental radiograph
| | | | | |
purpose of chemical processing - Correct answer ✔1) covert latent image->
| | | | | | | | | | |
visible image |
2) preserve visible image
| | |
latent image - Correct answer ✔invisible image
| | | | | |
- becomes visible under special dark room conditions
| | | | | | |
-remains invisible within the film emulsion until it undergoes chemical
| | | | | | | | | |
processing procedures. |
silver halide crystals - Correct answer ✔-absorb x-radiation during X-ray
| | | | | | | | | |
exposure and store X-ray from the radiation
| | | | | |
reduction - Correct answer ✔-the halide portion of the exposed, energized silver
| | | | | | | | | | |
halide crystals are removed
| | | |
-result in black metallic silver images
| | | | |
,selective reduction - Correct answer ✔-reduction of energized- crystals = black
| | | | | | | | | | |
metallic silver | |
-unexposed, unenergized crystals= removed from film
| | | | |
developer solution - Correct answer ✔-chemical solution
| | | | | |
-distinguish between exposed/ unexposed silver halide crystals
| | | | | |
-initiates chemical reaction- reduces exposed silver halide crystals -> black
| | | | | | | | | |
metallic silver + dark/black areas on radiograph
| | | | | |
-unexposed crystals= unaffected by developer
| | | |
- ideal temp= 20C (68F)
| | | |
fixer solution - Correct answer ✔-chemical solution
| | | | | | |
- removes unexposed halide crystals= white/clear areas on radiograph
| | | | | | | | |
- the black- metallic silver remains on the film (not removed)
| | | | | | | | | |
film processing solutions - Correct answer ✔-fresh chemicals produce best
| | | | | | | | | |
radiographs
-replenished daily- changed every 3-4 weeks | | | | |
developer composition - Correct answer ✔developing agent, preservative,
| | | | | | | |
accelerator, restrainer |
developing/reducing agent - Correct answer ✔- optimum temp= 68F | | | | | | | |
,-hydroquinone- converts exposed crystals to black metallic silver= producing| | | | | | | | |
black tones and contrast
| | | |
-elon/metol- converts crystals to black metallic silver= many shades of grey on
| | | | | | | | | | | |
a radiograph
|
preservative (developer) - Correct answer ✔sodium sulfite- prevents oxidation
| | | | | | | | |
of the developing agents
| | |
accelerator - Correct answer ✔sodium carbonate- activates developing agents
| | | | | | | |
-provides alkaline environment for developing agents
| | | | |
-softens gelatine of film emulsion
| | | |
restrainer - Correct answer ✔potassium bromide- controls developer
| | | | | | |
- prevents developer from developing unexposed crystals
| | | | | |
-prevents fogging |
fixer composition - Correct answer ✔fixing agent, preservative, hardening
| | | | | | | | |
agent, acidifier |
fixing/ clearing agent - Correct answer ✔*ammonium thiosulfate/sodium
| | | | | | | |
thiosulfate*
-removes/clears all unexposed developed crystals from emulsion | | | | | |
Preservative in fixer - Correct answer ✔sodium sulfite - prevents the
| | | | | | | | | | |
deterioration of the fixing agent | | | |
, hardening agent - Correct answer ✔potassium alum- hards and shrinks
| | | | | | | | | |
emulsion
acidifier - Correct answer ✔acetic acid or sulfuric acid
| | | | | | | |
-neutralizes alkaline developer- stops further development
| | | | |
-produces necessary acidic environment
| | |
automatic processing - Correct answer ✔roller transport system to move the
| | | | | | | | | | |
dental film through the Developer,fixer,water, drying compartments
| | | | | |
components of automatic processor - Correct answer ✔-drying compartment
| | | | | | | |
-replenisher pump/solutions |
-film recovery slot
| |
light film - Correct answer ✔appears very light- low density
| | | | | | | | | |
- causes: insufficient developing time, low developer temp, contaminated
| | | | | | | | |
developer, inaccurate timer/thermometer
| |
dark film - Correct answer ✔appears very dark- high density
| | | | | | | | |
- causes: excessive developing time, high temp, inaccurate timer/thermometer
| | | | | | | |
reticulation - Correct answer ✔cause: sudden change between developer and
| | | | | | | | | |
water bath temp
| |
