Endocrine 2024
sxs of DKA? ANS: excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, weakness or
fatigue, shortness of breath, fruity-scented breath, and confusion.
3Ps- polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria.
What PT are ketones seen with? ANS: DKA- usually DM1 but also can happen in DM2.
What are ketones? ANS: produced during breakdown of fats, can cause over acidification of blood or
ketosis, acid released via lungs
Nursing interventions with glucagon? ANS: -Assess IV site closely for signs of extravasation.
-Observe for signs of adverse effects.
-Observe clinical condition closely for signs of hypoglycaemia. -Monitor blood glucose levels.
-Monitor blood pressure regularly.
Side effects of glucagon? ANS: n/v, hypotension, hypersensitivity, & hypokalemia
Most important nursing intervention for pt w/ SAIDH? ANS: Restricting Fluids
SIADH treatment ANS: Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline
What is SIADH & the cause? ANS: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Syndrome
-condition which high levels of hormone cause body to retain water-
causes- meningitis, encephalitis, brain tumor, psychosis, lung diseases, head trauma, GBS
, SIADH sxs? ANS: -Nausea & vomiting
-Headache & Confusion
-Weakness & Fatigue
DI sxs? ANS: -severe thirst(polydipsia)
-peeing more than 3l a day (polyuria)
-getting up to go pee at night (nocturia)
-peeing during sleep (enuresis)
Male PT w/ diabetes insidious which hormone is pt lacking w/ DI? ANS: ADH-Antidiuretic Hormone
DI treatments? ANS: (underlying cause first?)
-Admin IV fluids
-ADH replacement (Vasopressin)
-Thiazide diuretics: inhibit sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
-Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) (can be given via nasal, oral, IV or subq routes)
How is desmopressin administered? ANS: intranasally;
the patient sprays the solution into the nose through a flexible calibrated plastic tube;
1 or 2 administrations daily (every 12 or 24 hrs) usually control the symptoms;
How does desmopressin work? ANS: -works like an ADH(antidiuretic hormone) or vasopressin
sxs of DKA? ANS: excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, weakness or
fatigue, shortness of breath, fruity-scented breath, and confusion.
3Ps- polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria.
What PT are ketones seen with? ANS: DKA- usually DM1 but also can happen in DM2.
What are ketones? ANS: produced during breakdown of fats, can cause over acidification of blood or
ketosis, acid released via lungs
Nursing interventions with glucagon? ANS: -Assess IV site closely for signs of extravasation.
-Observe for signs of adverse effects.
-Observe clinical condition closely for signs of hypoglycaemia. -Monitor blood glucose levels.
-Monitor blood pressure regularly.
Side effects of glucagon? ANS: n/v, hypotension, hypersensitivity, & hypokalemia
Most important nursing intervention for pt w/ SAIDH? ANS: Restricting Fluids
SIADH treatment ANS: Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline
What is SIADH & the cause? ANS: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Syndrome
-condition which high levels of hormone cause body to retain water-
causes- meningitis, encephalitis, brain tumor, psychosis, lung diseases, head trauma, GBS
, SIADH sxs? ANS: -Nausea & vomiting
-Headache & Confusion
-Weakness & Fatigue
DI sxs? ANS: -severe thirst(polydipsia)
-peeing more than 3l a day (polyuria)
-getting up to go pee at night (nocturia)
-peeing during sleep (enuresis)
Male PT w/ diabetes insidious which hormone is pt lacking w/ DI? ANS: ADH-Antidiuretic Hormone
DI treatments? ANS: (underlying cause first?)
-Admin IV fluids
-ADH replacement (Vasopressin)
-Thiazide diuretics: inhibit sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
-Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) (can be given via nasal, oral, IV or subq routes)
How is desmopressin administered? ANS: intranasally;
the patient sprays the solution into the nose through a flexible calibrated plastic tube;
1 or 2 administrations daily (every 12 or 24 hrs) usually control the symptoms;
How does desmopressin work? ANS: -works like an ADH(antidiuretic hormone) or vasopressin
