BIOC 201 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS 2024/2025 |
VERIFIED
1.1 Defining life as "a system that is energy utilizing, self-replicating, and capable of Darwinian evolution"
is internally redundant because - a system that is capable of Darwinian evolution is already
defined as self-replicating, and must be energy utilizing to affect its own replication.
1.2 Science, like any discipline, is rooted in certain axiomatic assumptions. We talked about several
important "first principles" and one of them was: - Relational properties which give rise to cause
and effect
1.3 A hypothesis must be capable of being - experimentally tested and invalidated.
1.4 The process of reasoning through linked consequential statements where a conclusion is made based
on assumed premises is called: - deduction
1.5 Evolution is fundamentally about the progression of lower life forms into higher ones. - False
1.6 The evolutionary model gives us - a way of linking different species through lineages
developed by natural selection, a fundamentally directionless process itself.
1.7 What are the main elements from which life is composed? - Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus
1.8 If two equally electronegative atoms are joined to form a molecule, then the covalent bond that is
formed will be - nonpolar.
1.9 In an electrically neutral atom - the number of electrons is the same as the atomic number.
1.10 What are the mass numbers of C, H, N, O ? - 12, 1, 14, 16
2.1 Why are atoms so small? - To get the same level of constancy of outputs from biological
systems with constituent parts larger than atoms would require an astronomical size for living things.
, This size would be disproportionate to the size of the environment and the parts that make up the
system would be incapable of random (diffusive) movement.
Atoms are the inputs for the Square Root of n Law, so actual error associated with a response gets
smaller as n gets larger. The smallness of atoms at 10e-10 m permits billions of atoms to contribute to
the n value.
If they were not small then the determinacy of biological activities would not be continuously precise.
Living things are great averaging machines that need a very large 'n' to behave in a directed and
predictable fashion.
2.2 In the first chapter of What is Life? Schrodinger suggests that life differs from ordinary matter
principally in its - complexity
2.3 If a chemical reaction is reversible, then - it must eventually reach chemical equilibrium.
2.4 Consider the reversible following biological reaction:
A-P-P-P <======>A-P + P-P
If P-P is degraded to P + P in another reaction, then the original reaction above will be driven toward the
production of - A-P + P-P
2.5 In Miller's experiment what conditions favor the formation of amino acids? - a reducing
atmosphere
2.6 Miller has an unchecked assumption in his experiment for which he failed to develop an appropriate
control. His unguarded assumption is _______________, and he could have used a control
which_____________. - that the apparatus is sterile and stays sterile; checks for the presence of
microbes in the apparatus at the experiment's conclusion.
2.7 A solution with a low pH is more ______________ than a solution with a high pH. - acidic
VERIFIED
1.1 Defining life as "a system that is energy utilizing, self-replicating, and capable of Darwinian evolution"
is internally redundant because - a system that is capable of Darwinian evolution is already
defined as self-replicating, and must be energy utilizing to affect its own replication.
1.2 Science, like any discipline, is rooted in certain axiomatic assumptions. We talked about several
important "first principles" and one of them was: - Relational properties which give rise to cause
and effect
1.3 A hypothesis must be capable of being - experimentally tested and invalidated.
1.4 The process of reasoning through linked consequential statements where a conclusion is made based
on assumed premises is called: - deduction
1.5 Evolution is fundamentally about the progression of lower life forms into higher ones. - False
1.6 The evolutionary model gives us - a way of linking different species through lineages
developed by natural selection, a fundamentally directionless process itself.
1.7 What are the main elements from which life is composed? - Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus
1.8 If two equally electronegative atoms are joined to form a molecule, then the covalent bond that is
formed will be - nonpolar.
1.9 In an electrically neutral atom - the number of electrons is the same as the atomic number.
1.10 What are the mass numbers of C, H, N, O ? - 12, 1, 14, 16
2.1 Why are atoms so small? - To get the same level of constancy of outputs from biological
systems with constituent parts larger than atoms would require an astronomical size for living things.
, This size would be disproportionate to the size of the environment and the parts that make up the
system would be incapable of random (diffusive) movement.
Atoms are the inputs for the Square Root of n Law, so actual error associated with a response gets
smaller as n gets larger. The smallness of atoms at 10e-10 m permits billions of atoms to contribute to
the n value.
If they were not small then the determinacy of biological activities would not be continuously precise.
Living things are great averaging machines that need a very large 'n' to behave in a directed and
predictable fashion.
2.2 In the first chapter of What is Life? Schrodinger suggests that life differs from ordinary matter
principally in its - complexity
2.3 If a chemical reaction is reversible, then - it must eventually reach chemical equilibrium.
2.4 Consider the reversible following biological reaction:
A-P-P-P <======>A-P + P-P
If P-P is degraded to P + P in another reaction, then the original reaction above will be driven toward the
production of - A-P + P-P
2.5 In Miller's experiment what conditions favor the formation of amino acids? - a reducing
atmosphere
2.6 Miller has an unchecked assumption in his experiment for which he failed to develop an appropriate
control. His unguarded assumption is _______________, and he could have used a control
which_____________. - that the apparatus is sterile and stays sterile; checks for the presence of
microbes in the apparatus at the experiment's conclusion.
2.7 A solution with a low pH is more ______________ than a solution with a high pH. - acidic
