BIO 201 TEST 1 (CHAPTERS 1-4) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCUARATE ANSWERS
2024/2025 | VERIFIED
Anatomy - studies structure of body parts and how they relate to one another
Gross Anatomy - study of large structures
surface anatomy - studies structures as they relate to the surface
cytology - study of cells
histology - study of tissues
embryology - studies developmental changes that occur before birth
chemical level - atoms form to combine molecules
tissues - groups of similar cells that have a common function
cellular level - cells are made up of molecules
organ level - organs are made up of different types of tissues
homeostasis - point of dynamic (changing) equilibrium; body's ability to maintain a relatively
stable internal environment despite ever changing conditions
set point - level/range of "normal" for whatever variable is being considered
ex: blood glucose levels
, receptor - sensor that monitors environment and responds to changes by sending information to
the control center
control center - determines set point; analyzes input and determines appropriate response
effector - provides means for control center's response to the stimulus
What is the correct order of the components of the loops for homeostasis? - stimulus, receptor,
afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response
Negative feedback - once stimulus occurs, and the control center and effector return the body to
the normal position, stimuli stop as to not over-fix the problem
ex: blood glucose-once glucose levels return to normal, the stimulus for either raising blood glucose or
lowering it ends
Negative feedback is the most common occurrance of homeostatic balancing
Positive feedback - happens in infrequent events that don't need continual adjustment
ex: giving birth-oxytocin is released which causes contractions to intensify, causing more oxytocin to be
released, causing baby to eventually be expelled. Once baby is born, the stimulus for oxytocin to be
released is shut off
neural (nervous system control) - quick, short lived, electrical signals
ex: allows you to get out of the way of danger quickly
hormonal (endocrine control) - chemicals sent out in blood stream; slower process that takes
multiple steps; effects are more widespread and longer lasting because as long as the hormones are in
the bloodstream, they affect the body
ex: growth, reproductive capability
2024/2025 | VERIFIED
Anatomy - studies structure of body parts and how they relate to one another
Gross Anatomy - study of large structures
surface anatomy - studies structures as they relate to the surface
cytology - study of cells
histology - study of tissues
embryology - studies developmental changes that occur before birth
chemical level - atoms form to combine molecules
tissues - groups of similar cells that have a common function
cellular level - cells are made up of molecules
organ level - organs are made up of different types of tissues
homeostasis - point of dynamic (changing) equilibrium; body's ability to maintain a relatively
stable internal environment despite ever changing conditions
set point - level/range of "normal" for whatever variable is being considered
ex: blood glucose levels
, receptor - sensor that monitors environment and responds to changes by sending information to
the control center
control center - determines set point; analyzes input and determines appropriate response
effector - provides means for control center's response to the stimulus
What is the correct order of the components of the loops for homeostasis? - stimulus, receptor,
afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response
Negative feedback - once stimulus occurs, and the control center and effector return the body to
the normal position, stimuli stop as to not over-fix the problem
ex: blood glucose-once glucose levels return to normal, the stimulus for either raising blood glucose or
lowering it ends
Negative feedback is the most common occurrance of homeostatic balancing
Positive feedback - happens in infrequent events that don't need continual adjustment
ex: giving birth-oxytocin is released which causes contractions to intensify, causing more oxytocin to be
released, causing baby to eventually be expelled. Once baby is born, the stimulus for oxytocin to be
released is shut off
neural (nervous system control) - quick, short lived, electrical signals
ex: allows you to get out of the way of danger quickly
hormonal (endocrine control) - chemicals sent out in blood stream; slower process that takes
multiple steps; effects are more widespread and longer lasting because as long as the hormones are in
the bloodstream, they affect the body
ex: growth, reproductive capability
