NUTR 121 EXAM 1 | ACTUAL STUDY |
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
hunger - ANSW-physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food
appetite - ANSW-physiological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food (no hunger
necessary)
satiety - ANSW-state in which there is no longer a desire to eat; a feeling of satisfaction
hypothalamus - ANSW-a region of the forebrain that controls body temperature, thirst, and hunger
homeostasis - ANSW-our body maintains energy balance by controlling our consumptions of calories in
food and beverages through the sensations of hunger and satiety
fed state (homeostasis, short term) - ANSW-stretch-sensors in the stomach trigger release of ghrelin
weight gain (homeostasis, long term) - ANSW-fat cells grow and replicate, which release more leptin
hedonic - ANSW-pleasure-seeking centers can stimulate appetite anytime
nutrition - ANSW-study of compounds (nutrients) in food and in our bodies, and how diets and foods
impact health
diet - ANSW-food we eat to obtain nutrients to sustain life
nutrients - ANSW-substances in food that provide energy, raw materials, support growth, and tissue
maintenance and repair
essential nutrients - ANSW-nutrients that a person must consume in their diet in order to maintain
health
classes of nutrients - ANSW-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
macronutrients - ANSW-carbohydrates + protein + more lipids (fat) + water
micronutrients - ANSW-vitamins and minerals
carbohydrates - ANSW-4 kcal/g
protein - ANSW-4 kcal/g
fat - ANSW-9 kcal/g
alcohol - ANSW-7 kcal/g
vitamins - ANSW-organic compounds; water soluble or fat soluble
minerals - ANSW-inorganic elements; major or minor
micro- - ANSW-1/1,000,000th
milli- - ANSW-1/1000th
centi- - ANSW-1/100th
deci- - ANSW-1/10th
kilo- - ANSW-1000x
NHANES - ANSW-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
CSFII - ANSW-Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals
scurvy - ANSW-a disease caused by lack of vitamin C
pellagra - ANSW-4 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
, DRIs - ANSW-daily reference intakes
nutritive value of food - ANSW-providing the raw materials needed for body/cell functions (cells
determine function)
EAR - ANSW-estimated average requirement: daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the average
need for healthy individuals
RDA - ANSW-recommended dietary allowance: daily dietary nutrient intake level estimated to meet the
average need of healthy individuals
AI - ANSW-adequate intake:
recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on estimates of nutrient intake by a group of
healthy people
UL - ANSW-tolerable upper intake level
CDRR - ANSW-chronic disease risk reduction intake
EER - ANSW-estimated energy requirement: average energy needs to maintain energy balance and good
health
DV - ANSW-daily value
food groups - ANSW-fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, dairy
nutrient density - ANSW-amount of nutrient (g)/ amount of energy (kcal)
history of food guidance in the US: 1916-1930s - ANSW-"food for young children" & "how to select food"
1940s-1950s - ANSW-"a guide to good eating"
1956-1970s - ANSW-"food for fitness, a daily food guide"(basic 4)
1979-1980s - ANSW-"hassie-free daily food guide"
1984-1900s - ANSW-"food wheel: a pattern for daily food choices"
1992-2000s - ANSW-"food guide pyramid"
2000s-2005 - ANSW-"MyPyramid food guidance system"
2011-present - ANSW-"myplate"
myplate: grains - ANSW-8 oz per day (at least half should be whole grains)
myplate: vegetables - ANSW-3 cups per day (variety of dark green, red and orange, legumes, starchy and
other; not potatoes and tomatoes)
myplate: fruit - ANSW-2 cups per day (whole fruit rather than fruit juice)
myplate: dairy - ANSW-3 cups per day (fat-free or low-fat)
myplate: protein - ANSW-6.5 oz per day (variety- seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, legumes, nuts,
and seeds)
energy density - ANSW-amount of energy (kcal) per serving/ weight or volume of serving
food goals - ANSW-increase fruit, vegetables, and whole grains, decrease refined/processed sugars,
decrease eggs, butter, and high-cholesterol foods, decrease salt, consume low/non-fat dairy products
nutrients and foods to limit - ANSW-saturated rat (animal fats), trans fat, added sugar (processed
food/treats), sodium (processed food)
diet supervillains - ANSW-salt, added sugars, saturated fats
nutrient claims - ANSW-"made with whole grains" "low sodium" "light" "contains 100% vitamin C"
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
hunger - ANSW-physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food
appetite - ANSW-physiological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food (no hunger
necessary)
satiety - ANSW-state in which there is no longer a desire to eat; a feeling of satisfaction
hypothalamus - ANSW-a region of the forebrain that controls body temperature, thirst, and hunger
homeostasis - ANSW-our body maintains energy balance by controlling our consumptions of calories in
food and beverages through the sensations of hunger and satiety
fed state (homeostasis, short term) - ANSW-stretch-sensors in the stomach trigger release of ghrelin
weight gain (homeostasis, long term) - ANSW-fat cells grow and replicate, which release more leptin
hedonic - ANSW-pleasure-seeking centers can stimulate appetite anytime
nutrition - ANSW-study of compounds (nutrients) in food and in our bodies, and how diets and foods
impact health
diet - ANSW-food we eat to obtain nutrients to sustain life
nutrients - ANSW-substances in food that provide energy, raw materials, support growth, and tissue
maintenance and repair
essential nutrients - ANSW-nutrients that a person must consume in their diet in order to maintain
health
classes of nutrients - ANSW-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
macronutrients - ANSW-carbohydrates + protein + more lipids (fat) + water
micronutrients - ANSW-vitamins and minerals
carbohydrates - ANSW-4 kcal/g
protein - ANSW-4 kcal/g
fat - ANSW-9 kcal/g
alcohol - ANSW-7 kcal/g
vitamins - ANSW-organic compounds; water soluble or fat soluble
minerals - ANSW-inorganic elements; major or minor
micro- - ANSW-1/1,000,000th
milli- - ANSW-1/1000th
centi- - ANSW-1/100th
deci- - ANSW-1/10th
kilo- - ANSW-1000x
NHANES - ANSW-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
CSFII - ANSW-Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals
scurvy - ANSW-a disease caused by lack of vitamin C
pellagra - ANSW-4 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
, DRIs - ANSW-daily reference intakes
nutritive value of food - ANSW-providing the raw materials needed for body/cell functions (cells
determine function)
EAR - ANSW-estimated average requirement: daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the average
need for healthy individuals
RDA - ANSW-recommended dietary allowance: daily dietary nutrient intake level estimated to meet the
average need of healthy individuals
AI - ANSW-adequate intake:
recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on estimates of nutrient intake by a group of
healthy people
UL - ANSW-tolerable upper intake level
CDRR - ANSW-chronic disease risk reduction intake
EER - ANSW-estimated energy requirement: average energy needs to maintain energy balance and good
health
DV - ANSW-daily value
food groups - ANSW-fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, dairy
nutrient density - ANSW-amount of nutrient (g)/ amount of energy (kcal)
history of food guidance in the US: 1916-1930s - ANSW-"food for young children" & "how to select food"
1940s-1950s - ANSW-"a guide to good eating"
1956-1970s - ANSW-"food for fitness, a daily food guide"(basic 4)
1979-1980s - ANSW-"hassie-free daily food guide"
1984-1900s - ANSW-"food wheel: a pattern for daily food choices"
1992-2000s - ANSW-"food guide pyramid"
2000s-2005 - ANSW-"MyPyramid food guidance system"
2011-present - ANSW-"myplate"
myplate: grains - ANSW-8 oz per day (at least half should be whole grains)
myplate: vegetables - ANSW-3 cups per day (variety of dark green, red and orange, legumes, starchy and
other; not potatoes and tomatoes)
myplate: fruit - ANSW-2 cups per day (whole fruit rather than fruit juice)
myplate: dairy - ANSW-3 cups per day (fat-free or low-fat)
myplate: protein - ANSW-6.5 oz per day (variety- seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, legumes, nuts,
and seeds)
energy density - ANSW-amount of energy (kcal) per serving/ weight or volume of serving
food goals - ANSW-increase fruit, vegetables, and whole grains, decrease refined/processed sugars,
decrease eggs, butter, and high-cholesterol foods, decrease salt, consume low/non-fat dairy products
nutrients and foods to limit - ANSW-saturated rat (animal fats), trans fat, added sugar (processed
food/treats), sodium (processed food)
diet supervillains - ANSW-salt, added sugars, saturated fats
nutrient claims - ANSW-"made with whole grains" "low sodium" "light" "contains 100% vitamin C"
