ASU BIO 202: EXAM #1 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS
hormones - ANSWER What are the chemical messengers secreted into the blood
stream that act on cells far away?
neurotransmitters - ANSWER What are released by nerves to affect cells?
endocrine - ANSWER What type of glands secrete chemicals (hormones) into the
blood?
target organ cells - ANSWER What are the cells that are acted on by hormones called?
hormones - ANSWER What mechanism perform general functions of communication
and control but a slower, longer-lasting type of control than that provided by nerve
impulses?
nonsteroid hormones (first messengers) - ANSWER What mechanism binds to
receptors on the target cell membrane, triggering second messengers to affect the cell's
activities?
steroid hormones - ANSWER What mechanism binds to receptors within the target cell
nucleus and influence cell activity by acting on DNA?
hormone secretion - ANSWER What, in the regulation of hormone secretion is
controlled by homeostatic feedback?
negative feedback - ANSWER What, in the regulation of hormone secretion, are
mechanisms that reverse the direction of a change in a physiological system?
positive feedback (uncommon) - ANSWER What, in the regulation of hormone
secretion, are mechanisms that amplify physiological changes?
hypersecretion - ANSWER What is secretion of an excess of hormone that is a
mechanism of endocrine disease?
hyposecretion - ANSWER What is insufficient hormone secretion that is a mechanism of
endocrine disease?
autocrine - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is secreted by cells in a local
area and influences the activity of the same cell type from which it was secreted (ex.
prostaglandins)?
, paracrine - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is produced by a wide variety of
tissues and secreted into tissue spaces; usually has a localized effect on other tissues
(ex. histamine, prostaglandins)?
hormone - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is secreted into the blood by
specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues and influences specific
activities (ex. thyroxine, insulin)?
neurohormone - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is produced by neurons
and functions like hormones (ex. oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone)?
neurotransmitter (neurohumor) - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is
produced by neurons and secreted into extracellular spaces by presynaptic nerve
terminals' travels short distances and influences post synaptic cells (ex. acetylcholine,
epinephrine)?
pheromone - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is secreted into the
environment; modifies physiology and behavior of other individuals (ex. sex
pheromones released in the urine of many animals)?
hypothalamus - ANSWER What part of the brain governs the pituitary gland which then
sends signals to endocrine glands?
atrial depolarization - ANSWER What does the P wave of the EKG represent?
5 liters - ANSWER What is the average circulating blood volume for an adult human?
veins - ANSWER At any given moment, which compartment contains the most
circulating blood?
false (blood type AB is the universal recipient) - ANSWER T/F: Blood type AB is the
universal donor.
false (Ischemia is the relative lack of oxygen... it can gain oxygen and reverse) -
ANSWER T/F: Ischemia is irreversible.
true - ANSWER T/F: Renal failure can be the etiology (cause) of anemia.
aortic arch - ANSWER What does the left common carotid artery branch off of?
neutrophil - ANSWER What is the most numerous white blood cell called?
false (there is normally about 50 cc of fluid in the pericardial space) - ANSWER T/F:
There is normally about 500cc of fluid in the pericardial space.
true - ANSWER T/F: Cardiac muscle is intolerant of anaerobic conditions.
QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS
hormones - ANSWER What are the chemical messengers secreted into the blood
stream that act on cells far away?
neurotransmitters - ANSWER What are released by nerves to affect cells?
endocrine - ANSWER What type of glands secrete chemicals (hormones) into the
blood?
target organ cells - ANSWER What are the cells that are acted on by hormones called?
hormones - ANSWER What mechanism perform general functions of communication
and control but a slower, longer-lasting type of control than that provided by nerve
impulses?
nonsteroid hormones (first messengers) - ANSWER What mechanism binds to
receptors on the target cell membrane, triggering second messengers to affect the cell's
activities?
steroid hormones - ANSWER What mechanism binds to receptors within the target cell
nucleus and influence cell activity by acting on DNA?
hormone secretion - ANSWER What, in the regulation of hormone secretion is
controlled by homeostatic feedback?
negative feedback - ANSWER What, in the regulation of hormone secretion, are
mechanisms that reverse the direction of a change in a physiological system?
positive feedback (uncommon) - ANSWER What, in the regulation of hormone
secretion, are mechanisms that amplify physiological changes?
hypersecretion - ANSWER What is secretion of an excess of hormone that is a
mechanism of endocrine disease?
hyposecretion - ANSWER What is insufficient hormone secretion that is a mechanism of
endocrine disease?
autocrine - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is secreted by cells in a local
area and influences the activity of the same cell type from which it was secreted (ex.
prostaglandins)?
, paracrine - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is produced by a wide variety of
tissues and secreted into tissue spaces; usually has a localized effect on other tissues
(ex. histamine, prostaglandins)?
hormone - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is secreted into the blood by
specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues and influences specific
activities (ex. thyroxine, insulin)?
neurohormone - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is produced by neurons
and functions like hormones (ex. oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone)?
neurotransmitter (neurohumor) - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is
produced by neurons and secreted into extracellular spaces by presynaptic nerve
terminals' travels short distances and influences post synaptic cells (ex. acetylcholine,
epinephrine)?
pheromone - ANSWER What intercellular chemical signal is secreted into the
environment; modifies physiology and behavior of other individuals (ex. sex
pheromones released in the urine of many animals)?
hypothalamus - ANSWER What part of the brain governs the pituitary gland which then
sends signals to endocrine glands?
atrial depolarization - ANSWER What does the P wave of the EKG represent?
5 liters - ANSWER What is the average circulating blood volume for an adult human?
veins - ANSWER At any given moment, which compartment contains the most
circulating blood?
false (blood type AB is the universal recipient) - ANSWER T/F: Blood type AB is the
universal donor.
false (Ischemia is the relative lack of oxygen... it can gain oxygen and reverse) -
ANSWER T/F: Ischemia is irreversible.
true - ANSWER T/F: Renal failure can be the etiology (cause) of anemia.
aortic arch - ANSWER What does the left common carotid artery branch off of?
neutrophil - ANSWER What is the most numerous white blood cell called?
false (there is normally about 50 cc of fluid in the pericardial space) - ANSWER T/F:
There is normally about 500cc of fluid in the pericardial space.
true - ANSWER T/F: Cardiac muscle is intolerant of anaerobic conditions.
