Test Bank for Understanding
Pathophysiology 6th Edition by Sue
E. Huether & Kathryn L. McCance,
All Chapters 1-42 (Questions and
Answers A+ guide)
Adaptive Alterations - Correct Answer-✔✔reversible, structural, or functional
response both to normal or physiologic conditions. (helpful, not leading to disease,
physiological)
Harmful alterations - Correct Answer-✔✔pathological
Cellular Adaptation - Correct Answer-✔✔escape and protection from injury, not all
cell changes bad, often good
Atrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔decrease, shrinkage in cell size usually involves heart,
skeletal muscles, primary or secondary sex organs (ovaries or uterus), and brain
Physiologic atrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔thymus gland in children
Pathologic atrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔occurs as a result of a decrease in
workload, pressure use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous
system simulation
Disuse atrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔skeletal muscle caused by immobilized in bed
for prolonged time
,Atrophy with aging - Correct Answer-✔✔brain cells become atrophic and endocrine
dependent organs, i.e. gonads shrink as hormonal stimulation decreases (chronic
kidney disease also associated with atrophy)
Hypertrophy (cellular adaptation) - Correct Answer-✔✔increase size (may be
adaptive), skeletal and cardiac muscles (work-related),
Examples of hypertrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔cell growth of remaining kidney after
removal of diseased kidney, or increase growth of uterus and mammary glands in
pregnancy
Mechanical stimuli - Correct Answer-✔✔stretch of heart or skeletal muscle or
smooth muscle of uterus
Trophic signals - Correct Answer-✔✔growth factors, hormones (may be adaptive i.e.
physiological or pathological)
Pathological hypertrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔hypertrophy of heart muscle due to
increased workload (valve dysfunction or uncontrolled hypertension)
Agromegaly - Correct Answer-✔✔hypertrophy of heart muscle due to excess growth
hormone
Hyperplasia - Correct Answer-✔✔increase number of cells relative to increased rate
of cellular division (not size of cells)
, What does hyperplasia allow - Correct Answer-✔✔Compensatory allows organs to
regenerate (i.e. 70% of liver), adaptive mechanism
Hormal hyperplasia - Correct Answer-✔✔i.e. estrogen and progesterone cause
uterine lining to grown in preparation for possible pg
Pathologic hyperplasia - Correct Answer-✔✔abnormal cell proliferation of normal
cells usually in response to excessive hormonal stimulation or growth factors on
target cells
Neoplasm - Correct Answer-✔✔can be benign or malignant growth of tissue (i.e.
polyps in colon)
Pathologic hyperplasia common in - Correct Answer-✔✔endometrium, and prostate,
if hormone imbalance correction hyperplasia regresses
metaplasia - Correct Answer-✔✔reversible replacement of one cell type with
another cell type
Metaplasia in respiratory tract - Correct Answer-✔✔replacement of normal
columnar ciliated cells in the bronchi with stratified squamous cells (major cause
smoking) Stratified squamous do not secrete mucous or have cilia. Reversible if
stimulus removed i.e. smoking. Strong association with progression to esophageal
cancer
Pathophysiology 6th Edition by Sue
E. Huether & Kathryn L. McCance,
All Chapters 1-42 (Questions and
Answers A+ guide)
Adaptive Alterations - Correct Answer-✔✔reversible, structural, or functional
response both to normal or physiologic conditions. (helpful, not leading to disease,
physiological)
Harmful alterations - Correct Answer-✔✔pathological
Cellular Adaptation - Correct Answer-✔✔escape and protection from injury, not all
cell changes bad, often good
Atrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔decrease, shrinkage in cell size usually involves heart,
skeletal muscles, primary or secondary sex organs (ovaries or uterus), and brain
Physiologic atrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔thymus gland in children
Pathologic atrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔occurs as a result of a decrease in
workload, pressure use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous
system simulation
Disuse atrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔skeletal muscle caused by immobilized in bed
for prolonged time
,Atrophy with aging - Correct Answer-✔✔brain cells become atrophic and endocrine
dependent organs, i.e. gonads shrink as hormonal stimulation decreases (chronic
kidney disease also associated with atrophy)
Hypertrophy (cellular adaptation) - Correct Answer-✔✔increase size (may be
adaptive), skeletal and cardiac muscles (work-related),
Examples of hypertrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔cell growth of remaining kidney after
removal of diseased kidney, or increase growth of uterus and mammary glands in
pregnancy
Mechanical stimuli - Correct Answer-✔✔stretch of heart or skeletal muscle or
smooth muscle of uterus
Trophic signals - Correct Answer-✔✔growth factors, hormones (may be adaptive i.e.
physiological or pathological)
Pathological hypertrophy - Correct Answer-✔✔hypertrophy of heart muscle due to
increased workload (valve dysfunction or uncontrolled hypertension)
Agromegaly - Correct Answer-✔✔hypertrophy of heart muscle due to excess growth
hormone
Hyperplasia - Correct Answer-✔✔increase number of cells relative to increased rate
of cellular division (not size of cells)
, What does hyperplasia allow - Correct Answer-✔✔Compensatory allows organs to
regenerate (i.e. 70% of liver), adaptive mechanism
Hormal hyperplasia - Correct Answer-✔✔i.e. estrogen and progesterone cause
uterine lining to grown in preparation for possible pg
Pathologic hyperplasia - Correct Answer-✔✔abnormal cell proliferation of normal
cells usually in response to excessive hormonal stimulation or growth factors on
target cells
Neoplasm - Correct Answer-✔✔can be benign or malignant growth of tissue (i.e.
polyps in colon)
Pathologic hyperplasia common in - Correct Answer-✔✔endometrium, and prostate,
if hormone imbalance correction hyperplasia regresses
metaplasia - Correct Answer-✔✔reversible replacement of one cell type with
another cell type
Metaplasia in respiratory tract - Correct Answer-✔✔replacement of normal
columnar ciliated cells in the bronchi with stratified squamous cells (major cause
smoking) Stratified squamous do not secrete mucous or have cilia. Reversible if
stimulus removed i.e. smoking. Strong association with progression to esophageal
cancer
