HESI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST BANK
body's maintenance of a stable environ-
homeostasis
ment
molecule or cell that provides information
receptors
about the environment
control center (and set point) indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
What elicits a response that alters condi-
effectors tions within the body's internal environ-
ment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
When receptors measure deviations
from the set point, effectors are activated
and conditions are returned toward the
negative feedback
set point and effectors gradually shut off.
This movement toward homeostasis and
balance is called .........
Homeostatic mechanisms that function
when changes byeffectors move the
body away from normal conditions, caus-
positive feedback
ing more changes, is called. .... (exam-
ples are blood clotting and labor contrac-
tions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ
Levels of organization
systems, organism
Cell components that perform a specific
organelle
function
cells Basic unit of structure and function
Groups of cells organized into layers or
tissues
masses that have specific functions
Structures that perform a specialized
organs
function (comprised of tissues)
Groups of organs that function together
Organ systems
closely
Comprised of an interacting organ sys-
Organism
tem
superior above, or closer to the head
, Hesi Anatomy and Physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b7tnf
inferior below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral) Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal) Toward the back
medial Toward the midline
Away from the midline (closer to the
lateral
sides)
Imaginary vertical line dividing the body
Median (saggital) plane
into right and left portions
Imaginary vertical line dividing the body
Coronal/Frontal plane
into anterior and posterior portions
Imaginary horizontal line dividing the
Transverse (cross-sectional)
body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back) Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity Cavity that contains the brain
Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
Spinal cavity (vertebral)
vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, medi-
Ventral cavities (near the front of the
astinum, pericardial, pleural, and ab-
body)
dominopelvic (peritoneal)
Cavity that contains the eyes and asso-
orbits
ciated skeletal muscles and nerves
Cavity that is divided into right and left
Nasal cavity portions by the nasal septum; air-filled
sphenoid and frontal sinuses
Oral cavity Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cav-
thoracic cavity
ity)
Space between the lungs that contains
Mediastinum the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thy-
mus
Potential space between the visceral
Pericardial cavity
pericardium and the parietal pericardium
middle ear cavities
, Hesi Anatomy and Physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b7tnf
Cavity containing the incus, malleus,
stapes
Cavities (right and left) that are the po-
Pleural cavities (lungs) tential space between the parietal and
visceral pleural membranes
Cavity that extends from the diaphragm
to the floor of the pelvis; includes stom-
Abdominopelvic cavity ach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and
large intestines, urinary bladder, and re-
productive organs
Cavity that is the potential space be-
Peritoneal cavity tween the parietal and visceral peritoneal
membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the out-
Body cavity membrane: which is a
side layer that lines the cavity, visceral is
serous membrane that lines the lungs
the inside layer, covering the lung)
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer
Body cavity membrane: which serous
which lines the mediastinum, visceral is
membrane lines the heart?
the inside layer, covering the heart)
Peritoneal membranes (parietal is the Body cavity membrane: Which serous
outside layer which lines the cavity, vis- membrane lines the abdominopelvic
ceral is the inside layer, lining the organs) cavity?
epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle
Four major tissue types
tissue
Which type of tissue is found throughout
the body and covers the body, lines or-
epithelial
gans, found in the inner lining of body
cavities and hollow organs?
Which type of tissue always has an api-
epithelial cal (free) surface exposed to an open
space (inside or outside)?
What nonliving membrane anchors ep-
basement membrane
ithelium to underlying connective tissue?
true
body's maintenance of a stable environ-
homeostasis
ment
molecule or cell that provides information
receptors
about the environment
control center (and set point) indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
What elicits a response that alters condi-
effectors tions within the body's internal environ-
ment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
When receptors measure deviations
from the set point, effectors are activated
and conditions are returned toward the
negative feedback
set point and effectors gradually shut off.
This movement toward homeostasis and
balance is called .........
Homeostatic mechanisms that function
when changes byeffectors move the
body away from normal conditions, caus-
positive feedback
ing more changes, is called. .... (exam-
ples are blood clotting and labor contrac-
tions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ
Levels of organization
systems, organism
Cell components that perform a specific
organelle
function
cells Basic unit of structure and function
Groups of cells organized into layers or
tissues
masses that have specific functions
Structures that perform a specialized
organs
function (comprised of tissues)
Groups of organs that function together
Organ systems
closely
Comprised of an interacting organ sys-
Organism
tem
superior above, or closer to the head
, Hesi Anatomy and Physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b7tnf
inferior below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral) Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal) Toward the back
medial Toward the midline
Away from the midline (closer to the
lateral
sides)
Imaginary vertical line dividing the body
Median (saggital) plane
into right and left portions
Imaginary vertical line dividing the body
Coronal/Frontal plane
into anterior and posterior portions
Imaginary horizontal line dividing the
Transverse (cross-sectional)
body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back) Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity Cavity that contains the brain
Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
Spinal cavity (vertebral)
vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, medi-
Ventral cavities (near the front of the
astinum, pericardial, pleural, and ab-
body)
dominopelvic (peritoneal)
Cavity that contains the eyes and asso-
orbits
ciated skeletal muscles and nerves
Cavity that is divided into right and left
Nasal cavity portions by the nasal septum; air-filled
sphenoid and frontal sinuses
Oral cavity Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cav-
thoracic cavity
ity)
Space between the lungs that contains
Mediastinum the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thy-
mus
Potential space between the visceral
Pericardial cavity
pericardium and the parietal pericardium
middle ear cavities
, Hesi Anatomy and Physiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b7tnf
Cavity containing the incus, malleus,
stapes
Cavities (right and left) that are the po-
Pleural cavities (lungs) tential space between the parietal and
visceral pleural membranes
Cavity that extends from the diaphragm
to the floor of the pelvis; includes stom-
Abdominopelvic cavity ach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and
large intestines, urinary bladder, and re-
productive organs
Cavity that is the potential space be-
Peritoneal cavity tween the parietal and visceral peritoneal
membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the out-
Body cavity membrane: which is a
side layer that lines the cavity, visceral is
serous membrane that lines the lungs
the inside layer, covering the lung)
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer
Body cavity membrane: which serous
which lines the mediastinum, visceral is
membrane lines the heart?
the inside layer, covering the heart)
Peritoneal membranes (parietal is the Body cavity membrane: Which serous
outside layer which lines the cavity, vis- membrane lines the abdominopelvic
ceral is the inside layer, lining the organs) cavity?
epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle
Four major tissue types
tissue
Which type of tissue is found throughout
the body and covers the body, lines or-
epithelial
gans, found in the inner lining of body
cavities and hollow organs?
Which type of tissue always has an api-
epithelial cal (free) surface exposed to an open
space (inside or outside)?
What nonliving membrane anchors ep-
basement membrane
ithelium to underlying connective tissue?
true
