UCLA Psych 10 Midterm Review || Errorless Solutions 100%.
Structuralism correct answers Wundt and Titchener; focus was on how the mind is structured,
studied consciousness by breaking it down into basic elements (via INTROSPECTION);
Functionalism correct answers William James; focus was on what the mind does, or the
function/purpose of behavior (especially EVOLUTIONARY FUNCTION/PURPOSE)
Behaviorism correct answers Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, etc.; more scientific approach (less
subjective like introspec.), reduced all behavior to STIMULUS-RESPONSE; movement away
from cognition, towards OBSERVABLE behavior; OPPOSES COGNITIVE PSYCH.
Psychoanalysis correct answers Freud, focus was on UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSES/DESIRES,
which they believed influenced behavior (this and the previous two were late 19th-early 20th
century)
Cognitive Psychology correct answers focus on cognition and the brain, mid 20th century to
present; OPPOSES BEHAVIORISM
Cross Cultural Psychology correct answers focus on comparing and contrasting behavior in
different human populations; generally study WesternEducatedIndustrializedRichDemocratic
(WEIRD) people
Placebo Effect (Bias) correct answers knowledge of receiving treatment affects behavior;
SOLUTION: blind treatment (e.g. sugar pill)
Experimenter Bias correct answers The researcher's expectations influence a participant's
response/interpretation of observations; SOLUTION: Double Blind
Demand Characteristics (Bias) correct answers The participant changes behavior because of what
they believe about the study i.e. act different because they know they're being studied; (ex:
, Hawthorne Experiment, workers more productive when light manipulated, didnt wanna look
lazy)
SOLUTION: Double Blind
Humans unique from other species because of the more developed ___________ in the brain.
correct answers frontal cortex; = greater cognition, reasoning, etc.
The brain develops in a way that resembles the evolution of the nervous system in other animals:
The _______ brain and _____ brain develop first, while the ________ develops last. correct
answers hind brain, mid brain, prefrontal cortex last (planning, risk-taking, impulsivity)
(develops later in life = teenagers + Phineas Gage poor judgment and inc. in risky/impulsive
behavior)
Hindbrain correct answers Controls info coming in and out of the spinal chord, controls life
sustaining processes (e.g. breathing, etc.)
Pons correct answers Hindbrain, "bridge over a PONdS;" connects the cerebellum and the rest of
the brain
Reticular Formation correct answers Hindbrain, "ReTICKular Formation;" controls sleep,
wakefulness, arousal; nerve fibers on brain stem to connect the different parts of hindbrain
Medulla (Oblongata) correct answers Hindbrain, "without MEdulla, ME DIE;" Middle of the
brain stem, controls important core functions (e.g. heart rate, breathing, circulation, etc.)
Cerebellum correct answers Hindbrain, "I'm not drunk, my cerebellum is;" fine motor skills,
coordination of movements, balance, etc.; the "little brain"
Midbrain correct answers relay station between body and brain; important for
coordination/motor movement, eye movement, auditory and visual processing; Main structures:
Tectum and Tegmentum
Structuralism correct answers Wundt and Titchener; focus was on how the mind is structured,
studied consciousness by breaking it down into basic elements (via INTROSPECTION);
Functionalism correct answers William James; focus was on what the mind does, or the
function/purpose of behavior (especially EVOLUTIONARY FUNCTION/PURPOSE)
Behaviorism correct answers Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, etc.; more scientific approach (less
subjective like introspec.), reduced all behavior to STIMULUS-RESPONSE; movement away
from cognition, towards OBSERVABLE behavior; OPPOSES COGNITIVE PSYCH.
Psychoanalysis correct answers Freud, focus was on UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSES/DESIRES,
which they believed influenced behavior (this and the previous two were late 19th-early 20th
century)
Cognitive Psychology correct answers focus on cognition and the brain, mid 20th century to
present; OPPOSES BEHAVIORISM
Cross Cultural Psychology correct answers focus on comparing and contrasting behavior in
different human populations; generally study WesternEducatedIndustrializedRichDemocratic
(WEIRD) people
Placebo Effect (Bias) correct answers knowledge of receiving treatment affects behavior;
SOLUTION: blind treatment (e.g. sugar pill)
Experimenter Bias correct answers The researcher's expectations influence a participant's
response/interpretation of observations; SOLUTION: Double Blind
Demand Characteristics (Bias) correct answers The participant changes behavior because of what
they believe about the study i.e. act different because they know they're being studied; (ex:
, Hawthorne Experiment, workers more productive when light manipulated, didnt wanna look
lazy)
SOLUTION: Double Blind
Humans unique from other species because of the more developed ___________ in the brain.
correct answers frontal cortex; = greater cognition, reasoning, etc.
The brain develops in a way that resembles the evolution of the nervous system in other animals:
The _______ brain and _____ brain develop first, while the ________ develops last. correct
answers hind brain, mid brain, prefrontal cortex last (planning, risk-taking, impulsivity)
(develops later in life = teenagers + Phineas Gage poor judgment and inc. in risky/impulsive
behavior)
Hindbrain correct answers Controls info coming in and out of the spinal chord, controls life
sustaining processes (e.g. breathing, etc.)
Pons correct answers Hindbrain, "bridge over a PONdS;" connects the cerebellum and the rest of
the brain
Reticular Formation correct answers Hindbrain, "ReTICKular Formation;" controls sleep,
wakefulness, arousal; nerve fibers on brain stem to connect the different parts of hindbrain
Medulla (Oblongata) correct answers Hindbrain, "without MEdulla, ME DIE;" Middle of the
brain stem, controls important core functions (e.g. heart rate, breathing, circulation, etc.)
Cerebellum correct answers Hindbrain, "I'm not drunk, my cerebellum is;" fine motor skills,
coordination of movements, balance, etc.; the "little brain"
Midbrain correct answers relay station between body and brain; important for
coordination/motor movement, eye movement, auditory and visual processing; Main structures:
Tectum and Tegmentum
