STUDY GUIDE + ANSWER KEYS
CHAPTER 1 - 58
STUDY GUIDE
,To the Student
Understanding fundamental concepts and principles of nursing will prepare you for patient care
experiences. By mastering the content of your Foundations and Adult Health Nursing textbook, you will
have the necessary knowledge and skills for nursing practice. This Study Guide was created to help you
achieve the objectives of each chapter in the textbook, establish a solid base of knowledge in the
fundamentals of nursing, and evaluate your understanding of this critical information.
Each Study Guide chapter is organized into sections, each with its own topic and related objectives from
the textbook. Different types of learning activities, including short answer, multiple choice, table activities,
matching, figure labeling, and critical thinking activities assist you in meeting these content objectives. A
new NextGen question has been added to each chapter. To maximize the benefits of this Study Guide and
prepare for the learning activities:
1. Carefully read the chapter in the textbook and highlight, note, or outline important information.
2. Review the Key Points, access the Additional Learning Resources, and complete the
Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination at the end of each textbook chapter.
3. Complete the Study Guide exercises to the best of your ability.
4. Time and pace yourself during the completion of each exercise. You should spend approximately
1 minute for each multiple choice and matching question, and approximately 2 minutes for
completion activities or short answer questions.
5. After completing an exercise, refer to the textbook page references as needed. You can then
repeat any exercises for additional practice and review. A complete Answer Key is provided on the
Evolve Resources website.
ADDITIONAL LEARNING RESOURCES
Additional Learning Resources are available on the Evolve website at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Cooper/
foundationsadult/.
Evolve
• Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination (for each chapter)
• Answer Key for all Study Guide questions
• Calculators
• Fluids and Electrolytes Tutorial
• Immunization Schedule
• Spanish/English Glossary
• Additional Animations
• Additional Audio Clips
• Additional Video Clips
• Skills Performance Checklists
• Body Spectrum Electronic Anatomy Coloring Book
STUDY HINTS FOR ALL STUDENTS
• Ask questions! There are no bad questions. If you do not know something or are not sure, you
need to find out. Other people may be wondering the same thing but may be too shy to ask. The
answer could mean life or death to your patient, which certainly is more important than feeling
embarrassed about asking a question.
• Make use of chapter objectives. At the beginning of each chapter in the textbook are objectives
that you should have mastered when you finished studying that chapter. Write these objectives in
your notebook, leaving a blank space after each. Fill in the answers as you find them while
reading the
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights iii
reserved.
,iv To the Student
chapter. Review to make sure your answers are correct and complete, and use these answers
when you study for tests. This should also be done for separate course objectives that your
instructor has listed in your class syllabus.
• Locate and understand key terms. At the beginning of each chapter in the textbook are key terms
that you will encounter as you read the chapter. Page numbers are provided for easy reference
and review, and the key terms are in bold, blue font the first time they appear in the chapter.
Phonetic pronunciations are provided for terms that might be difficult to pronounce.
• Review Key Points. Use the Key Points at the end of each chapter in the textbook to help you review
for exams.
• Get the most from your textbook. When reading each chapter in the textbook, look at the subject
headings to learn what each section is about. Read first for the general meaning, then reread parts
you did not understand. It may help to read those parts aloud. Carefully read the information given
in each table and study each figure and its caption.
• Follow up on difficult concepts. While studying, put difficult concepts into your own words to see if
you understand them. Check this understanding with another student or the instructor. Write these
in your notebook.
• Take useful notes. When taking lecture notes in class, leave a large margin on the left side of each
notebook page and write only on right-hand pages, leaving all left-hand pages blank. Look over your
lecture notes soon after each class, while your memory is fresh. Fill in missing words, complete
sentences and ideas, and underline key phrases, definitions, and concepts. At the top of each page,
write the topic of that page. In the left margin, write the key word for that part of your notes. On the
opposite left-hand page, write a summary or outline that combines material from both the textbook
and the lecture. These can be your study notes for review.
• Join or form a study group. Form a study group with some other students so you can help one
another. Practice speaking and reading aloud, ask questions about material you are not sure about,
and work together to find answers.
• Improve your study skills. Good study skills are essential for achieving your goals in nursing.
Time management, efficient use of study time, and a consistent approach to studying are all
beneficial.
ADDITIONAL STUDY HINTS FOR STUDENTS WHO USE ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL)
• Find a first-language buddy. ESL students should find a first-language buddy—another
student who is a native speaker of English and is willing to answer questions about word
meanings, pronunciations, and culture. Maybe your buddy would like to learn about your
language and culture. This could help in his or her nursing experience as well.
• Expand your vocabulary. If you find a nontechnical word you do not know (e.g., drowsy), try to
guess its meaning from the sentence (e.g., With electrolyte imbalance, the patient may feel fatigued
and drowsy). If you are not sure of the meaning, or if it seems particularly important, look it up in the
dictionary.
• Keep a vocabulary notebook. Keep a small alphabetized notebook or address book in which
you can write down new nontechnical words you read or hear along with their meanings and
pronunciations. Write each word under its initial letter so you can find it easily, as in a dictionary. For
words you do not know or for words that have a different meaning in nursing, write down how they
are used and sound. Look up their meanings in a dictionary or ask your instructor or first- language
buddy. Then write the different meanings or usages that you have found in your book, including the
nursing meaning. Continue to add new words as you discover them. For example:
• Primary—Of most importance; main (e.g., the primary problem or disease); The first
one; elementary (e.g., primary school)
• Secondary—Of less importance; resulting from another problem or disease (e.g., a
secondary symptom); The second one (e.g., secondary school [“high school” in the United
States])
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
,Illustration Credits
Chapter 5 Chapter 44
P. 29: Maslow A: Motivation and personality, ed 2, P. 331: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: The human
New York, 1970, Harper & Row. body in health and disease, ed 7, St. Louis,
2018, Else- vier.
Chapter 11
P. 75: Maslow A: Motivation and personality, ed 2, Chapter 45
New York, 1970, Harper & Row. P. 339: Thibodeau GA & Patton KT: Anatomy and
physiology, ed 10, St. Louis, 2019, Mosby.
Chapter 16
P. 113: Modified from Sheehy SB & Lombardi J: Chapter 48
Manual of emergency care, ed 4, St. Louis, P. 359: Canobbio M: Mosby’s clinical nursing series:
1995, Mosby. Cardiovascular disorders, St. Louis, 1990, Mosby.
Chapter 17 Chapter 52
P. 129: Clayton BD & Willihnganz M: Basic P. 393: Thibodeau GA & Patton KT: Structure and
pharma- cology for nurses, ed 17, St. Louis, function of the body, ed 14, St. Louis, 2012,
2017, Elsevier. Mos- by.
P. 394: Seidel HM, Ball JW, Dains JE, et al.:
Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 7,
Chapter 23 St. Louis, 2011, Mosby.
P. 169: Elkin MK, Perry AG, Potter PA: Nursing
interventions and clinical skills, ed 4, St. Louis,
2008, Mosby. Chapter 53
P. 403: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: Anatomy and
physiology, ed 10, St. Louis, 2019, Elsevier.
Chapter 31 P. 404: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: The human
P. 233: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D: Wong’s body in health and disease, ed 7, St. Louis,
essentials of pediatric nursing, ed 8, St. Louis, 2018, Else- vier.
2009, Mosby.
Chapter 54
Chapter 32 P. 411: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: The human
P. 242: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D: Wong’s body in health and disease, ed 7, St. Louis,
essentials of pediatric nursing, ed 9, St. Louis, 2018, Else- vier.
2013, Mosby. P. 412: Ignatavicius DD, Workman ML, Blair M, et
al: Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
Chapter 41 col- laborative care, ed 8, St. Louis, 2016,
Elsevier.
P. 309: Harkreader H, Hogan MA, & Thobaben M:
Fundamentals of nursing: Caring and clinical
judg- ment, ed 3, St. Louis, 2007, Saunders. Chapter 55
P. 421: Grimes D: Infectious diseases, St. Louis,
Chapter 43 1991, Mosby.
P. 323: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: The human
body in health and disease, ed 7, St. Louis,
2018, Else- vier.
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. v
,
, Contents
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing........................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing ..................................................................................... 7
Chapter 3 Documentation..................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 4 Communication .................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 5 Nursing Process and Critical Thinking .................................................................................. 29
Chapter 6 Cultural and Ethnic Considerations....................................................................................... 37
Chapter 7 Asepsis and Infection Control............................................................................................... 43
Chapter 8 Body Mechanics and Patient Mobility ................................................................................... 53
Chapter 9 Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment.................................................................... 59
Chapter 10 Safety .................................................................................................................................. 67
Chapter 11 Admission, Transfer, and Discharge ..................................................................................... 75
Chapter 12 Vital Signs ........................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 13 Physical Assessment ........................................................................................................... 91
Chapter 14 Oxygenation ........................................................................................................................ 99
Chapter 15 Elimination and Gastric Intubation ...................................................................................... 105
Chapter 16 Care of Patients Experiencing Urgent Alterations in Health ................................................. 113
Chapter 17 Dosage Calculation and Medication Administration............................................................. 121
Chapter 18 Fluids and Electrolytes ....................................................................................................... 131
Chapter 19 Nutritional Concepts and Related Therapies ...................................................................... 139
Chapter 20 Complementary, Integrative, and Alternative Therapies ...................................................... 151
Chapter 21 Pain Management, Comfort, Rest, and Sleep..................................................................... 157
Chapter 22 Surgical Wound Care ......................................................................................................... 163
Chapter 23 Specimen Collection and Diagnostic Testing ...................................................................... 169
Chapter 24 Lifespan Development ....................................................................................................... 179
Chapter 25 Loss, Grief, Dying, and Death ............................................................................................ 187
Chapter 26 Health Promotion and Pregnancy....................................................................................... 195
Chapter 27 Labor and Delivery............................................................................................................. 203
Chapter 28 Care of the Mother and Newborn .......................................................................................211
Chapter 29 Care of the High-Risk Mother, Newborn, and Family With Special Needs ........................... 219
Chapter 30 Health Promotion for the Infant, Child, and Adolescent ....................................................... 227
Chapter 31 Basic Pediatric Nursing Care.............................................................................................. 233
Chapter 32 Care of the Child With a Physical and Mental or Cognitive Disorder.................................... 241
Chapter 33 Health Promotion and Care of the Older Adult .................................................................... 253
Chapter 34 Concepts of Mental Health ................................................................................................. 263
Chapter 35 Care of the Patient With a Psychiatric Disorder .................................................................. 269
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. vii
,viii Contents
Chapter 36 Care of the Patient With an Addictive Personality ............................................................... 277
Chapter 37 Home Health Nursing ........................................................................................................ 285
Chapter 38 Long-Term Care ................................................................................................................ 291
Chapter 39 Rehabilitation Nursing ....................................................................................................... 295
Chapter 40 Hospice Care .................................................................................................................... 301
Chapter 41 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology ............................................................................ 307
Chapter 42 Care of the Surgical Patient ............................................................................................... 315
Chapter 43 Care of the Patient With an Integumentary Disorder ........................................................... 323
Chapter 44 Care of the Patient With a Musculoskeletal Disorder .......................................................... 331
Chapter 45 Care of the Patient With a Gastrointestinal Disorder ........................................................... 339
Chapter 46 Care of the Patient With a Gallbladder, Liver, Biliary Tract,
or Exocrine Pancreatic Disorder ........................................................................................ 347
Chapter 47 Care of the Patient With a Blood or Lymphatic Disorder ..................................................... 353
Chapter 48 Care of the Patient With a Cardiovascular or a Peripheral Vascular Disorder ...................... 359
Chapter 49 Care of the Patient With a Respiratory Disorder ................................................................. 369
Chapter 50 Care of the Patient With a Urinary Disorder ........................................................................ 377
Chapter 51 Care of the Patient With an Endocrine Disorder ................................................................. 385
Chapter 52 Care of the Patient With a Reproductive Disorder .............................................................. 393
Chapter 53 Care of the Patient With a Sensory Disorder ...................................................................... 403
Chapter 54 Care of the Patient With a Neurologic Disorder .................................................................. 411
Chapter 55 Care of the Patient With an Immune Disorder .................................................................... 421
Chapter 56 Care of the Patient With HIV .............................................................................................. 427
Chapter 57 Care of the Patient With Cancer......................................................................................... 433
Chapter 58 Professional Roles and Leadership.................................................................................... 441
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
,Student Name Chapter 1 Date
The Evolution of Nursing 1
chapter
1
Answer Key: A complete Answer Key is provided in your Additional Learning Resources on Evolve.
MATCHING
Directions: Match the nurse on the left with the contribution to nursing on the right.
Nurse Contribution to Nursing
1. Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) a. Credited with the development of the first nursing
2. Clara Barton (1821-1912) and hospital records
3. Mary Ann Ball (1817-1901) b. Pioneer crusader for elevation of standards of care
4. Linda Richards (1841-1930) for the mentally ill
c. Worked for acceptance of African Americans in the
5. Isabel Hampton Robb (1860-
nursing profession
1910) d. Developed the American Red Cross in 1881
6. Lavinia Dock (1858-1956) e. Championed the rights and comforts of soldiers;
7. Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845-1926) organized diet kitchens, laundries, and ambulance
8. Lillian D. Wald (1867-1940) service
9. Mary Adelaide Nutting f. Organized the first graded system of theory and
(1858-1947) practice in schools of nursing
10. Mary Breckenridge (1881-1965) g. Responsible for the development of public health
nursing in the United States through the founding
of the Henry Street Settlement in New York City
h. Responsible, with Robb, for the organization of the
American Society of Superintendents of Training
Schools, which evolved into the National League
for Nursing Education
i. Pioneer in nurse-midwifery
j. Developed curriculum concepts and guidelines for
student nurses
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
,2 Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Select the best answer(s) for each of the following questions.
11. For which circumstance is the nurse most like- 15. Which statement by a male nursing student
ly to seek advice from the National Association is most likely to represent a factor
for Practical Nurse Education and Service associated with the high attrition rate of
(NAPNES)? male students from nursing education
1. Being bullied and harassed by RN supervi- programs?
sor and coworkers 1. “The course of study is too prolonged and
2. Observing unprofessional behavior among difficult.”
nursing students 2. “I can make more money if I become a
3. Looking for a new job that provides oppor- doctor.”
tunities to learn advanced skills 3. “The nursing instructors claim that I am
4. Seeking to compare a facility policy to
standards set for LPN/LVN practice not caring.”
4. “It’s difficult for men to advance in the
12. Which nursing action typifies the role of the nursing profession.”
LPN/LVN in case management nursing?
16. A patient suddenly becomes unresponsive;
1. Selects a clinical pathway to map time therefore, he is unable to make decisions
frames during hospitalization about health care options. What is the health
2. Coordinates and plans the care for a group care team most likely to do to determine the
of patients pa- tient’s wishes?
3. Cross-trains to assume duties that are 1. Contact the patient’s closest adult relative.
usu- ally performed by RNs 2. Determine if the patient has a personal
4. Assists the RN in attaining desired patient attorney.
outcomes of care 3. Seek opinions from the patient’s primary
HCP.
13. In which setting are most LPN/LVNs
employed? 4. Review the patient’s advance directives.
1. Acute care hospital units
17. One of the major problems of hospitals of the
2. Long-term care facilities early nineteenth century has been
3. Health care providers’ (HCP) offices addressed by which measure in
4. Home health agencies contemporary health care?
1. Focusing on women’s health issues,
14. Which nursing actions are appropriate to the such as heart disease
roles/responsibilities of the LPN/LVN? Select 2. Using Standard Precautions and improv-
all that apply. ing hygienic practices
1. Uses active listening techniques when in- 3. Encouraging men to enter the nursing
teracting with a depressed patient profession
2. Reports changes in vital signs to the super- 4. Reducing the nursing shortage during
vising RN and HCP in a timely fashion wartime
3. Takes initiative to create a comprehensive
care plan for a newly admitted patient 18. Which patient typifies the demographic chang-
4. Ensures that the correct medication is giv- es of the population in the twenty-first century
en to the correct patient at the correct time and represents an increased need for nursing
5. Collects data from the patient, the family, care?
and previous medical records 1. A 3-month-old infant with developmental
disabilities
2. A 15-year-old homeless adolescent
3. A 45-year-old man with diabetes
4. A 78-year-old woman with chronic illness
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
, Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing 3
19. Which nursing action reflects Florence 23. A mother tells the nurse that her 17-year-old
Nightingale’s vision of how to improve patient son, who has been wheelchair-bound for 1
care? year following an accident, is depressed be-
1. Includes the family in the patient educa- cause basketball season is starting and he
tion sessions was a star player for his high-school team.
2. Considers the patient’s cultural and ethnic Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which
background interven- tion would address the adolescent’s
3. Attends an in-service to learn about a new priority need?
infusion pump 1. Advise the mother to check the wheelchair
4. Safeguards patient’s privacy by maintain- access ramps for safe access to the gym.
ing confidentiality 2. Explore other interests and activities that
would increase his self-esteem.
20. Which situation includes the four major con- 3. Initiate a review of body systems to iden-
cepts that are the basis for nursing theories tify the cause of depression.
and models? 4. Suggest the mother and son seek out
1. The home health nurse assesses the a wheelchair basketball team.
pa- tient’s health and the home setting.
2. The nurse studies nursing theory in an 24. The nurse has identified that a 56-year-old
advanced-practice nursing curriculum. woman has an increased risk for heart prob-
lems because of family history. Which modifi-
3. Nursing programs draw from several psy- able factors would be included in the teaching
chosocial and nursing theories. plan to promote health and self-help practices
4. The patient is treated for hypertension, dia- for wellness for this patient? Select all that
betes, and obesity. apply.
1. Smoking cessation and stress reduction
21. Which patient is most at risk for being one of
the “medically underserved” in the United 2. Use of advanced technology and new
States? medications
1. A 30-year-old woman with newly diag- 3. Weight reduction and decreased alcohol
nosed breast cancer consumption
2. An 86-year-old man who resides in a long- 4. Cost of health insurance and specialist care
term care facility 5. Control over decision-making that affects
3. A 3-year-old whose parents recently emi- the patient’s own body and health
grated for work
4. A 60-year-old unemployed veteran who 25. Which set of tasks would be assigned to an
lives on the street unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who has
been cross-trained as a unit secretary?
22. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the nurse 1. Direct visitors and give out patient
gives priority to which problem? information.
1. Loneliness due to being away from family 2. Take vital signs and restock medications.
during hospitalization 3. Validate transcriptions and interpret vital
2. Inability to eat because of difficulty chew- signs.
ing and swallowing 4. Ambulate patients and order unit supplies.
3. Anxiety due to recent diagnosis of cancer
with poor prognosis 26. Which action best demonstrates the
4. Safety related to difficulty with balance nurse’s consistent effort to contribute to
during position change cost-containment?
1. Obtains malpractice insurance
2. Uses time and materials economically
3. Questions excessive diagnostic testing
4. Refers patients with no insurance to a
sliding-scale clinic
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 1 - 58
STUDY GUIDE
,To the Student
Understanding fundamental concepts and principles of nursing will prepare you for patient care
experiences. By mastering the content of your Foundations and Adult Health Nursing textbook, you will
have the necessary knowledge and skills for nursing practice. This Study Guide was created to help you
achieve the objectives of each chapter in the textbook, establish a solid base of knowledge in the
fundamentals of nursing, and evaluate your understanding of this critical information.
Each Study Guide chapter is organized into sections, each with its own topic and related objectives from
the textbook. Different types of learning activities, including short answer, multiple choice, table activities,
matching, figure labeling, and critical thinking activities assist you in meeting these content objectives. A
new NextGen question has been added to each chapter. To maximize the benefits of this Study Guide and
prepare for the learning activities:
1. Carefully read the chapter in the textbook and highlight, note, or outline important information.
2. Review the Key Points, access the Additional Learning Resources, and complete the
Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination at the end of each textbook chapter.
3. Complete the Study Guide exercises to the best of your ability.
4. Time and pace yourself during the completion of each exercise. You should spend approximately
1 minute for each multiple choice and matching question, and approximately 2 minutes for
completion activities or short answer questions.
5. After completing an exercise, refer to the textbook page references as needed. You can then
repeat any exercises for additional practice and review. A complete Answer Key is provided on the
Evolve Resources website.
ADDITIONAL LEARNING RESOURCES
Additional Learning Resources are available on the Evolve website at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Cooper/
foundationsadult/.
Evolve
• Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination (for each chapter)
• Answer Key for all Study Guide questions
• Calculators
• Fluids and Electrolytes Tutorial
• Immunization Schedule
• Spanish/English Glossary
• Additional Animations
• Additional Audio Clips
• Additional Video Clips
• Skills Performance Checklists
• Body Spectrum Electronic Anatomy Coloring Book
STUDY HINTS FOR ALL STUDENTS
• Ask questions! There are no bad questions. If you do not know something or are not sure, you
need to find out. Other people may be wondering the same thing but may be too shy to ask. The
answer could mean life or death to your patient, which certainly is more important than feeling
embarrassed about asking a question.
• Make use of chapter objectives. At the beginning of each chapter in the textbook are objectives
that you should have mastered when you finished studying that chapter. Write these objectives in
your notebook, leaving a blank space after each. Fill in the answers as you find them while
reading the
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights iii
reserved.
,iv To the Student
chapter. Review to make sure your answers are correct and complete, and use these answers
when you study for tests. This should also be done for separate course objectives that your
instructor has listed in your class syllabus.
• Locate and understand key terms. At the beginning of each chapter in the textbook are key terms
that you will encounter as you read the chapter. Page numbers are provided for easy reference
and review, and the key terms are in bold, blue font the first time they appear in the chapter.
Phonetic pronunciations are provided for terms that might be difficult to pronounce.
• Review Key Points. Use the Key Points at the end of each chapter in the textbook to help you review
for exams.
• Get the most from your textbook. When reading each chapter in the textbook, look at the subject
headings to learn what each section is about. Read first for the general meaning, then reread parts
you did not understand. It may help to read those parts aloud. Carefully read the information given
in each table and study each figure and its caption.
• Follow up on difficult concepts. While studying, put difficult concepts into your own words to see if
you understand them. Check this understanding with another student or the instructor. Write these
in your notebook.
• Take useful notes. When taking lecture notes in class, leave a large margin on the left side of each
notebook page and write only on right-hand pages, leaving all left-hand pages blank. Look over your
lecture notes soon after each class, while your memory is fresh. Fill in missing words, complete
sentences and ideas, and underline key phrases, definitions, and concepts. At the top of each page,
write the topic of that page. In the left margin, write the key word for that part of your notes. On the
opposite left-hand page, write a summary or outline that combines material from both the textbook
and the lecture. These can be your study notes for review.
• Join or form a study group. Form a study group with some other students so you can help one
another. Practice speaking and reading aloud, ask questions about material you are not sure about,
and work together to find answers.
• Improve your study skills. Good study skills are essential for achieving your goals in nursing.
Time management, efficient use of study time, and a consistent approach to studying are all
beneficial.
ADDITIONAL STUDY HINTS FOR STUDENTS WHO USE ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL)
• Find a first-language buddy. ESL students should find a first-language buddy—another
student who is a native speaker of English and is willing to answer questions about word
meanings, pronunciations, and culture. Maybe your buddy would like to learn about your
language and culture. This could help in his or her nursing experience as well.
• Expand your vocabulary. If you find a nontechnical word you do not know (e.g., drowsy), try to
guess its meaning from the sentence (e.g., With electrolyte imbalance, the patient may feel fatigued
and drowsy). If you are not sure of the meaning, or if it seems particularly important, look it up in the
dictionary.
• Keep a vocabulary notebook. Keep a small alphabetized notebook or address book in which
you can write down new nontechnical words you read or hear along with their meanings and
pronunciations. Write each word under its initial letter so you can find it easily, as in a dictionary. For
words you do not know or for words that have a different meaning in nursing, write down how they
are used and sound. Look up their meanings in a dictionary or ask your instructor or first- language
buddy. Then write the different meanings or usages that you have found in your book, including the
nursing meaning. Continue to add new words as you discover them. For example:
• Primary—Of most importance; main (e.g., the primary problem or disease); The first
one; elementary (e.g., primary school)
• Secondary—Of less importance; resulting from another problem or disease (e.g., a
secondary symptom); The second one (e.g., secondary school [“high school” in the United
States])
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
,Illustration Credits
Chapter 5 Chapter 44
P. 29: Maslow A: Motivation and personality, ed 2, P. 331: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: The human
New York, 1970, Harper & Row. body in health and disease, ed 7, St. Louis,
2018, Else- vier.
Chapter 11
P. 75: Maslow A: Motivation and personality, ed 2, Chapter 45
New York, 1970, Harper & Row. P. 339: Thibodeau GA & Patton KT: Anatomy and
physiology, ed 10, St. Louis, 2019, Mosby.
Chapter 16
P. 113: Modified from Sheehy SB & Lombardi J: Chapter 48
Manual of emergency care, ed 4, St. Louis, P. 359: Canobbio M: Mosby’s clinical nursing series:
1995, Mosby. Cardiovascular disorders, St. Louis, 1990, Mosby.
Chapter 17 Chapter 52
P. 129: Clayton BD & Willihnganz M: Basic P. 393: Thibodeau GA & Patton KT: Structure and
pharma- cology for nurses, ed 17, St. Louis, function of the body, ed 14, St. Louis, 2012,
2017, Elsevier. Mos- by.
P. 394: Seidel HM, Ball JW, Dains JE, et al.:
Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 7,
Chapter 23 St. Louis, 2011, Mosby.
P. 169: Elkin MK, Perry AG, Potter PA: Nursing
interventions and clinical skills, ed 4, St. Louis,
2008, Mosby. Chapter 53
P. 403: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: Anatomy and
physiology, ed 10, St. Louis, 2019, Elsevier.
Chapter 31 P. 404: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: The human
P. 233: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D: Wong’s body in health and disease, ed 7, St. Louis,
essentials of pediatric nursing, ed 8, St. Louis, 2018, Else- vier.
2009, Mosby.
Chapter 54
Chapter 32 P. 411: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: The human
P. 242: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D: Wong’s body in health and disease, ed 7, St. Louis,
essentials of pediatric nursing, ed 9, St. Louis, 2018, Else- vier.
2013, Mosby. P. 412: Ignatavicius DD, Workman ML, Blair M, et
al: Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
Chapter 41 col- laborative care, ed 8, St. Louis, 2016,
Elsevier.
P. 309: Harkreader H, Hogan MA, & Thobaben M:
Fundamentals of nursing: Caring and clinical
judg- ment, ed 3, St. Louis, 2007, Saunders. Chapter 55
P. 421: Grimes D: Infectious diseases, St. Louis,
Chapter 43 1991, Mosby.
P. 323: Patton KT & Thibodeau GA: The human
body in health and disease, ed 7, St. Louis,
2018, Else- vier.
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. v
,
, Contents
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing........................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing ..................................................................................... 7
Chapter 3 Documentation..................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 4 Communication .................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 5 Nursing Process and Critical Thinking .................................................................................. 29
Chapter 6 Cultural and Ethnic Considerations....................................................................................... 37
Chapter 7 Asepsis and Infection Control............................................................................................... 43
Chapter 8 Body Mechanics and Patient Mobility ................................................................................... 53
Chapter 9 Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment.................................................................... 59
Chapter 10 Safety .................................................................................................................................. 67
Chapter 11 Admission, Transfer, and Discharge ..................................................................................... 75
Chapter 12 Vital Signs ........................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 13 Physical Assessment ........................................................................................................... 91
Chapter 14 Oxygenation ........................................................................................................................ 99
Chapter 15 Elimination and Gastric Intubation ...................................................................................... 105
Chapter 16 Care of Patients Experiencing Urgent Alterations in Health ................................................. 113
Chapter 17 Dosage Calculation and Medication Administration............................................................. 121
Chapter 18 Fluids and Electrolytes ....................................................................................................... 131
Chapter 19 Nutritional Concepts and Related Therapies ...................................................................... 139
Chapter 20 Complementary, Integrative, and Alternative Therapies ...................................................... 151
Chapter 21 Pain Management, Comfort, Rest, and Sleep..................................................................... 157
Chapter 22 Surgical Wound Care ......................................................................................................... 163
Chapter 23 Specimen Collection and Diagnostic Testing ...................................................................... 169
Chapter 24 Lifespan Development ....................................................................................................... 179
Chapter 25 Loss, Grief, Dying, and Death ............................................................................................ 187
Chapter 26 Health Promotion and Pregnancy....................................................................................... 195
Chapter 27 Labor and Delivery............................................................................................................. 203
Chapter 28 Care of the Mother and Newborn .......................................................................................211
Chapter 29 Care of the High-Risk Mother, Newborn, and Family With Special Needs ........................... 219
Chapter 30 Health Promotion for the Infant, Child, and Adolescent ....................................................... 227
Chapter 31 Basic Pediatric Nursing Care.............................................................................................. 233
Chapter 32 Care of the Child With a Physical and Mental or Cognitive Disorder.................................... 241
Chapter 33 Health Promotion and Care of the Older Adult .................................................................... 253
Chapter 34 Concepts of Mental Health ................................................................................................. 263
Chapter 35 Care of the Patient With a Psychiatric Disorder .................................................................. 269
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. vii
,viii Contents
Chapter 36 Care of the Patient With an Addictive Personality ............................................................... 277
Chapter 37 Home Health Nursing ........................................................................................................ 285
Chapter 38 Long-Term Care ................................................................................................................ 291
Chapter 39 Rehabilitation Nursing ....................................................................................................... 295
Chapter 40 Hospice Care .................................................................................................................... 301
Chapter 41 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology ............................................................................ 307
Chapter 42 Care of the Surgical Patient ............................................................................................... 315
Chapter 43 Care of the Patient With an Integumentary Disorder ........................................................... 323
Chapter 44 Care of the Patient With a Musculoskeletal Disorder .......................................................... 331
Chapter 45 Care of the Patient With a Gastrointestinal Disorder ........................................................... 339
Chapter 46 Care of the Patient With a Gallbladder, Liver, Biliary Tract,
or Exocrine Pancreatic Disorder ........................................................................................ 347
Chapter 47 Care of the Patient With a Blood or Lymphatic Disorder ..................................................... 353
Chapter 48 Care of the Patient With a Cardiovascular or a Peripheral Vascular Disorder ...................... 359
Chapter 49 Care of the Patient With a Respiratory Disorder ................................................................. 369
Chapter 50 Care of the Patient With a Urinary Disorder ........................................................................ 377
Chapter 51 Care of the Patient With an Endocrine Disorder ................................................................. 385
Chapter 52 Care of the Patient With a Reproductive Disorder .............................................................. 393
Chapter 53 Care of the Patient With a Sensory Disorder ...................................................................... 403
Chapter 54 Care of the Patient With a Neurologic Disorder .................................................................. 411
Chapter 55 Care of the Patient With an Immune Disorder .................................................................... 421
Chapter 56 Care of the Patient With HIV .............................................................................................. 427
Chapter 57 Care of the Patient With Cancer......................................................................................... 433
Chapter 58 Professional Roles and Leadership.................................................................................... 441
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015, 2011, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
,Student Name Chapter 1 Date
The Evolution of Nursing 1
chapter
1
Answer Key: A complete Answer Key is provided in your Additional Learning Resources on Evolve.
MATCHING
Directions: Match the nurse on the left with the contribution to nursing on the right.
Nurse Contribution to Nursing
1. Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) a. Credited with the development of the first nursing
2. Clara Barton (1821-1912) and hospital records
3. Mary Ann Ball (1817-1901) b. Pioneer crusader for elevation of standards of care
4. Linda Richards (1841-1930) for the mentally ill
c. Worked for acceptance of African Americans in the
5. Isabel Hampton Robb (1860-
nursing profession
1910) d. Developed the American Red Cross in 1881
6. Lavinia Dock (1858-1956) e. Championed the rights and comforts of soldiers;
7. Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845-1926) organized diet kitchens, laundries, and ambulance
8. Lillian D. Wald (1867-1940) service
9. Mary Adelaide Nutting f. Organized the first graded system of theory and
(1858-1947) practice in schools of nursing
10. Mary Breckenridge (1881-1965) g. Responsible for the development of public health
nursing in the United States through the founding
of the Henry Street Settlement in New York City
h. Responsible, with Robb, for the organization of the
American Society of Superintendents of Training
Schools, which evolved into the National League
for Nursing Education
i. Pioneer in nurse-midwifery
j. Developed curriculum concepts and guidelines for
student nurses
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,2 Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Select the best answer(s) for each of the following questions.
11. For which circumstance is the nurse most like- 15. Which statement by a male nursing student
ly to seek advice from the National Association is most likely to represent a factor
for Practical Nurse Education and Service associated with the high attrition rate of
(NAPNES)? male students from nursing education
1. Being bullied and harassed by RN supervi- programs?
sor and coworkers 1. “The course of study is too prolonged and
2. Observing unprofessional behavior among difficult.”
nursing students 2. “I can make more money if I become a
3. Looking for a new job that provides oppor- doctor.”
tunities to learn advanced skills 3. “The nursing instructors claim that I am
4. Seeking to compare a facility policy to
standards set for LPN/LVN practice not caring.”
4. “It’s difficult for men to advance in the
12. Which nursing action typifies the role of the nursing profession.”
LPN/LVN in case management nursing?
16. A patient suddenly becomes unresponsive;
1. Selects a clinical pathway to map time therefore, he is unable to make decisions
frames during hospitalization about health care options. What is the health
2. Coordinates and plans the care for a group care team most likely to do to determine the
of patients pa- tient’s wishes?
3. Cross-trains to assume duties that are 1. Contact the patient’s closest adult relative.
usu- ally performed by RNs 2. Determine if the patient has a personal
4. Assists the RN in attaining desired patient attorney.
outcomes of care 3. Seek opinions from the patient’s primary
HCP.
13. In which setting are most LPN/LVNs
employed? 4. Review the patient’s advance directives.
1. Acute care hospital units
17. One of the major problems of hospitals of the
2. Long-term care facilities early nineteenth century has been
3. Health care providers’ (HCP) offices addressed by which measure in
4. Home health agencies contemporary health care?
1. Focusing on women’s health issues,
14. Which nursing actions are appropriate to the such as heart disease
roles/responsibilities of the LPN/LVN? Select 2. Using Standard Precautions and improv-
all that apply. ing hygienic practices
1. Uses active listening techniques when in- 3. Encouraging men to enter the nursing
teracting with a depressed patient profession
2. Reports changes in vital signs to the super- 4. Reducing the nursing shortage during
vising RN and HCP in a timely fashion wartime
3. Takes initiative to create a comprehensive
care plan for a newly admitted patient 18. Which patient typifies the demographic chang-
4. Ensures that the correct medication is giv- es of the population in the twenty-first century
en to the correct patient at the correct time and represents an increased need for nursing
5. Collects data from the patient, the family, care?
and previous medical records 1. A 3-month-old infant with developmental
disabilities
2. A 15-year-old homeless adolescent
3. A 45-year-old man with diabetes
4. A 78-year-old woman with chronic illness
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, Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing 3
19. Which nursing action reflects Florence 23. A mother tells the nurse that her 17-year-old
Nightingale’s vision of how to improve patient son, who has been wheelchair-bound for 1
care? year following an accident, is depressed be-
1. Includes the family in the patient educa- cause basketball season is starting and he
tion sessions was a star player for his high-school team.
2. Considers the patient’s cultural and ethnic Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which
background interven- tion would address the adolescent’s
3. Attends an in-service to learn about a new priority need?
infusion pump 1. Advise the mother to check the wheelchair
4. Safeguards patient’s privacy by maintain- access ramps for safe access to the gym.
ing confidentiality 2. Explore other interests and activities that
would increase his self-esteem.
20. Which situation includes the four major con- 3. Initiate a review of body systems to iden-
cepts that are the basis for nursing theories tify the cause of depression.
and models? 4. Suggest the mother and son seek out
1. The home health nurse assesses the a wheelchair basketball team.
pa- tient’s health and the home setting.
2. The nurse studies nursing theory in an 24. The nurse has identified that a 56-year-old
advanced-practice nursing curriculum. woman has an increased risk for heart prob-
lems because of family history. Which modifi-
3. Nursing programs draw from several psy- able factors would be included in the teaching
chosocial and nursing theories. plan to promote health and self-help practices
4. The patient is treated for hypertension, dia- for wellness for this patient? Select all that
betes, and obesity. apply.
1. Smoking cessation and stress reduction
21. Which patient is most at risk for being one of
the “medically underserved” in the United 2. Use of advanced technology and new
States? medications
1. A 30-year-old woman with newly diag- 3. Weight reduction and decreased alcohol
nosed breast cancer consumption
2. An 86-year-old man who resides in a long- 4. Cost of health insurance and specialist care
term care facility 5. Control over decision-making that affects
3. A 3-year-old whose parents recently emi- the patient’s own body and health
grated for work
4. A 60-year-old unemployed veteran who 25. Which set of tasks would be assigned to an
lives on the street unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who has
been cross-trained as a unit secretary?
22. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the nurse 1. Direct visitors and give out patient
gives priority to which problem? information.
1. Loneliness due to being away from family 2. Take vital signs and restock medications.
during hospitalization 3. Validate transcriptions and interpret vital
2. Inability to eat because of difficulty chew- signs.
ing and swallowing 4. Ambulate patients and order unit supplies.
3. Anxiety due to recent diagnosis of cancer
with poor prognosis 26. Which action best demonstrates the
4. Safety related to difficulty with balance nurse’s consistent effort to contribute to
during position change cost-containment?
1. Obtains malpractice insurance
2. Uses time and materials economically
3. Questions excessive diagnostic testing
4. Refers patients with no insurance to a
sliding-scale clinic
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