full test bank
advanced practice nursing: essentials for role development, 5th edition
all chapters covered 1-30
,table of contents
chapter 1 . advanced practice nursing: doing what has to be done-radicals, renegades, and rebels ...........................3
chapter 2. emerging roles of the advanced practice nurse ...........................................................................................6
chapter 3. role development: a theoretical perspective .............................................................................................19
chapter 4. educational preparation of advanced practice nurses: looking to the future ...........................................25
chapter 5. global perspectives on advanced nursing practice .....................................................................................37
chapter 6. advanced practice nurses and prescriptive authority ................................................................................43
chapter 7. credentialing and clinical privileges for the advanced practice registered nurse ......................................49
chapter 8. the kaleidoscope of collaborative practice ................................................................................................55
chapter 9. participation of the advanced practice nurse in health plans and quality initiatives ................................61
chapter 10. public policy and the advanced practice registered nurse .......................................................................70
chapter 11. resource management .............................................................................................................................74
chapter 12. mediated roles: working with and through other people ........................................................................78
chapter 13. evidence-based practice...........................................................................................................................83
chapter 14. advocacy and the advanced practice nurse .............................................................................................89
chapter 15. case management and advanced practice nursing ..................................................................................93
chapter 16. the advanced practice nurse and research ............................................................................................105
chapter 17. the advanced practice nurse: holism and complementary and integrative health approaches ............111
chapter 18. basic skills for teaching and the advanced practice nurse .....................................................................118
chapter 19. culture as a variable in practice ..............................................................................................................124
chapter 20. conflict resolution in advanced practice nursing ...................................................................................132
chapter 21. leadership for apns: if not now, when? ..................................................................................................138
chapter 22. information technology and the advanced practice nurse ....................................................................144
chapter 23. writing for publication ............................................................................................................................157
chapter 24. measuring advanced practice nurse performance: outcome indicators, models of evaluation and the
issue of value .............................................................................................................................................................165
chapter 25. advanced practice registered nurses: accomplishments, trends, and future development ..................178
chapter 23: an integrative review of aprn outcomes and performance improvement ............................................182
chapter 26. starting a practice and practice management ........................................................................................186
chapter 27. the advanced practice nurse as employee or independent contractor: legal and contractual
considerations ...........................................................................................................................................................194
chapter 28. the law, the courts, and the advanced practice registered nurse ..........................................................201
chapter 29. malpractice and the advanced practice nurse .......................................................................................213
chapter 30. ethics and the advanced practice nurse .................................................................................................218
,chapter 1 . advanced practice nursing: doing what has to be done-radicals,
renegades, and rebels
multiple choice
1. the nurse manager of a pediatric clinic could confirm that the new nurse recognized the purpose of the headss
adolescent risk profile when the new nurse responds that it is used to assess for needs related to
a. anticipatory guidance.
b. low-risk adolescents.
c. physical development.
d. sexual development.
answer:a
the headss adolescent risk profile is a psychosocial assessment screening tool which assesses home, education,
activities, drugs, sex, and suicide for the purpose of identifying high-risk adolescents and the need for
anticipatory guidance. it is used to identify high-risk, not low-risk, adolescents. physical development is assessed
with anthropometric data. sexual development is assessed using physical examination.
ref: 6 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
2. the nurse preparing a teaching plan for a preschooler knows that, according to piaget, the expected stage of
development for a preschooler is
a. concrete operational.
b. formal operational.
c. preoperational.
d. sensorimotor.
answer:c
the expected stage of development for a preschooler (3 to 4 years old) is preoperational. concrete operational
describes the thinking of a school-age child (7 to 11 years old). formal operational
describes the thinking of an individual after about 11 years of age. sensorimotor describes the earliest pattern
of thinking from birth to 2 years old.
,ref: 5 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
3. the school nurse talking with a high school class about the difference between growth and development would
best describe growth as
a. processes by which early cells specialize.
b. psychosocial and cognitive changes.
c. qualitative changes associated with aging.
d. quantitative changes in size or weight.
answer:d
growth is a quantitative change in which an increase in cell number and size results in an increase in overall size
or weight of the body or any of its parts. the processes by which early cells specialize are referred to as
differentiation. psychosocial and cognitive changes are referred to as development. qualitative changes
associated with aging are referred to as maturation.
ref: 2 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
4. the most appropriate response of the nurse when a mother asks what the denver ii does is that it
a. can diagnose developmental disabilities.
b. identifies a need for physical therapy.
c. is a developmental screening tool.
d. provides a framework for health teaching.
answer:c
the denver ii is the most commonly used measure of developmental status used by health care professionals; it is
a screening tool. screening tools do not provide a diagnosis. diagnosis requires a thorough neurodevelopment
history and physical examination. developmental delay, which is suggested by screening, is a symptom, not a
diagnosis. the need for any therapy would be identified with a comprehensive evaluation, not a screening tool.
some providers use the denver ii as a framework for teaching about expected development, but this is not the
primary purpose of the tool.
ref: 4 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
,5. to plan early intervention and care for an infant with down syndrome, the nurse considers knowledge of other
physical development exemplars such as
a. cerebral palsy.
b. failure to thrive.
c. fetal alcohol syndrome.
d. hydrocephaly.
answer:d
hydrocephaly is also a physical development exemplar. cerebral palsy is an exemplar of adaptive developmental
delay. failure to thrive is an exemplar of social/emotional developmental delay.
fetal alcohol syndrome is an exemplar of cognitive developmental delay.
ref: 9 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
6. to plan early intervention and care for a child with a developmental delay, the nurse would consider knowledge
of the concepts most significantly impacted by development, including
a. culture.
b. environment.
c. functional status.
d. nutrition.
answer:c
function is one of the concepts most significantly impacted by development. others include sensory-perceptual,
cognition, mobility, reproduction, and sexuality. knowledge of these concepts can help the nurse anticipate
areas that need to be addressed. culture is a concept that is considered to significantly affect development; the
difference is the concepts that affect development are those that represent major influencing factors (causes),
hence determination of development and would be the focus of preventive interventions. environment is
considered to significantly affect development. nutrition is considered to significantly affect development.
ref: 1 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
,7. a mother complains to the nurse at the pediatric clinic that her 4-year-old child always talks to her toys and
makes up stories. the mother wants her child to have a psychologic evaluation. the nurses best initial response is
to
a. refer the child to a psychologist.
b. explain that playing make believe with dolls and people is normal at this age.
c. complete a developmental screening.
d. separate the child from the mother to get more information.
answer:b
by the end of the fourth year, it is expected that a child will engage in fantasy, so this is normal at this age. a
referral to a psychologist would be premature based only on the complaint of the mother. completing a
developmental screening would be very appropriate but not the initial response. the nurse would certainly want
to get more information, but separating the child from the mother is not necessary at this time.
ref: 5 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
8. a 17-year-old girl is hospitalized for appendicitis, and her mother asks the nurse why she is so needy and acting
like a child. the best response of the nurse is that in the hospital, adolescents
a. have separation anxiety.
b. rebel against rules.
c. regress because of stress.
d. want to know everything.
answer:c
regression to an earlier stage of development is a common response to stress. separation anxiety is most
common in infants and toddlers. rebellion against hospital rules is usually not an issue if the adolescent
understands the rules and would not create childlike behaviors. an adolescent may want to know everything
with their logical thinking and deductive reasoning, but that would not explain why they would act like a child.
chapter 2. emerging roles of the advanced practice nurse
,multiple choice
1. an aprn is about to examine a patient in the emergency department. a colleague states to the aprn “this
patient is probably just seeking pain medication.” regardless of his or her colleague’s comment he or she
enter the examination room and treat the patient as if he or she is trustworthy and has good motives.
which of the ten essential elements of dignity is the aprn utilizing?
a. inclusion
b. benefit of the doubt
c. acceptance of identity
d. recognition
answer:b
treating others as if they are trustworthy, starting with the premise that they have good motives and are acting
with integrity are all key points of benefit of the doubt. benefit of the doubt is one of the ten essential elements
of dignity.
2. an aprn approaches his or her patients as neither inferior nor superior and gives others the freedom to
express their authentic selves without being judged. which of the ten essential elements of dignity is the
aprn utilizing?
a. safety
b. accountability
c. acceptance of identity
d. benefit of doubt
answer:c
the acceptance of identity is one of the ten essential elements of dignity. approaching people as neither inferior
nor superior to you, giving others the freedom to express their authentic selves without fear of being negatively
judged, interacting without prejudice or bias, accepting how race, religion, gender, class, sexual orientation,
age, disability, and so on are at the core of someone’s identities, and assuming they have integrity are all
included in the essential elements of acceptance of identity.
3. communication problems often plague ethical dilemmas, which of the following is often at the forefront of
communication problems regarding clinicians?
,a. poor knowledge of the situation
b. language barriers
c. poor independence
d. failure to speak up
answer:d
all of the answers may contribute to ethical dilemmas but failure of a clinician to speak up about a real or
potential ethical problem is commonly identified. erosion of open and honest communication is typically the first
theme encountered in many ethical dilemmas.
4.a 76-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital after suffering a spinal compression fracture. the patient is
unable to ambulate adequately on his or her own and requires assistance for basic needs. your assessment is that
the patient will recover their strength within 2 weeks. the billing department at the facility notifies you that the
patient may not stay in the hospital for more than 2 days. the patient does not wish to be transferred to a nursing
facility and wishes to remain in the hospital for the remaining 12 days to gain strength. which of the following best
defines this scenario?
a. interprofessional conflict
b. communication problems
c. legal issues
d. multiple commitments
answer:a
this ethical scenario plays out routinely in medical care as an element of interprofessional conflict. the clinician
wishes to respect patient autonomy but must understand and express the best interests of the patient to a
multidisciplinary team.
5. an aprn is scheduled to complete his or her shift at 7 p.m. on a particular day. a new patient arrives 5 minutes
prior to the time the aprn is expected to leave. he or she is asked by a supervisor to stay beyond their scheduled
time to assess the patient and provide care. which of the following best defines this scenario?
a. interprofessional conflict
b. multiple commitments
c. communication problems
,d. legal issues answer:b
aprns often fail to practice self-care and it is a significant threat to ethical practice. multiple commitments
including obligations to multiple parties involving the patient, employer, and legal system may create a scenario
for ethical issues in nursing practice. societal issues including cost containment pressures in health systems are
likely partially responsible for development of this scenario.
6. an aprn works in a primary care clinic. the aprn wishes to treat a patient’s disease with a specific medication that
is far superior to other treatments. the aprn has never encountered issues prescribing this therapy as first-line
treatment in the past. the aprn is informed by this particular patient’s insurance that they require proof that the
aprn has tried a far less effective therapy for 1 month prior to paying for the medication. which of the following
best describes the forces at work in this scenario?
a. communication problems
b. legal issues
c. interprofessional conflict
d. societal issues
answer:d
societal issues including cost containment pressures in health systems are likely responsible for development of
this scenario. interprofessional conflicts would best be involved in this scenario if this is applied in a
multidisciplinary team scenario.
7. which of the following are defined as the four elements of core competency development in ethical decision
making for aprns?
a. knowledge development, knowledge application, creating an ethical environment, promoting social
justice
b. knowledge development, educating others, creating an ethical environment, promoting social justice
c. knowledge development, knowledge application, effective communication, promoting social justice
d. knowledge development, knowledge application, creating an ethical environment, understanding legal
barriers
, answer:a
the core competency of ethical decision making for aprns is best organized into four key elements: knowledge
development, knowledge application, creating an ethical environment, and promoting social justice.
8. which of the following examples best describes the knowledge development element of core competency
development for ethical decision making?
a. analyzing the policymaking process
b. using self-reflection during patient case reviews
c. applying ethical decision-making model to a clinical problem
d. mentoring others to develop ethical practice
answer:b
the use of knowledge development is a key element of core competency development for ethical decision
making. it involves gaining knowledge of ethical theories and developing the ability to distinguish a true ethical
dilemma from a situation of moral distress or other clinically problematic situation. becoming sensitive to ethical
dimensions of clinical practice and fidelity conflicts, developing values clarification (self-reflection), and
interpreting reactions and emotions of others are all elements of knowledge development and moral sensitivity.
9. an aprn joins a group promoting awareness about abuse in long-term nursing care facilities. he or she advocates
for policies that protect the health care rights of individuals who are not able to care for themselves
independently. the aprn most likely employed which of the following elements of core competency development
for ethical decision making?
a. promoting social justice
b. knowledge development
c. creating an ethical environment
d. knowledge application
answer:a
advanced practice nursing: essentials for role development, 5th edition
all chapters covered 1-30
,table of contents
chapter 1 . advanced practice nursing: doing what has to be done-radicals, renegades, and rebels ...........................3
chapter 2. emerging roles of the advanced practice nurse ...........................................................................................6
chapter 3. role development: a theoretical perspective .............................................................................................19
chapter 4. educational preparation of advanced practice nurses: looking to the future ...........................................25
chapter 5. global perspectives on advanced nursing practice .....................................................................................37
chapter 6. advanced practice nurses and prescriptive authority ................................................................................43
chapter 7. credentialing and clinical privileges for the advanced practice registered nurse ......................................49
chapter 8. the kaleidoscope of collaborative practice ................................................................................................55
chapter 9. participation of the advanced practice nurse in health plans and quality initiatives ................................61
chapter 10. public policy and the advanced practice registered nurse .......................................................................70
chapter 11. resource management .............................................................................................................................74
chapter 12. mediated roles: working with and through other people ........................................................................78
chapter 13. evidence-based practice...........................................................................................................................83
chapter 14. advocacy and the advanced practice nurse .............................................................................................89
chapter 15. case management and advanced practice nursing ..................................................................................93
chapter 16. the advanced practice nurse and research ............................................................................................105
chapter 17. the advanced practice nurse: holism and complementary and integrative health approaches ............111
chapter 18. basic skills for teaching and the advanced practice nurse .....................................................................118
chapter 19. culture as a variable in practice ..............................................................................................................124
chapter 20. conflict resolution in advanced practice nursing ...................................................................................132
chapter 21. leadership for apns: if not now, when? ..................................................................................................138
chapter 22. information technology and the advanced practice nurse ....................................................................144
chapter 23. writing for publication ............................................................................................................................157
chapter 24. measuring advanced practice nurse performance: outcome indicators, models of evaluation and the
issue of value .............................................................................................................................................................165
chapter 25. advanced practice registered nurses: accomplishments, trends, and future development ..................178
chapter 23: an integrative review of aprn outcomes and performance improvement ............................................182
chapter 26. starting a practice and practice management ........................................................................................186
chapter 27. the advanced practice nurse as employee or independent contractor: legal and contractual
considerations ...........................................................................................................................................................194
chapter 28. the law, the courts, and the advanced practice registered nurse ..........................................................201
chapter 29. malpractice and the advanced practice nurse .......................................................................................213
chapter 30. ethics and the advanced practice nurse .................................................................................................218
,chapter 1 . advanced practice nursing: doing what has to be done-radicals,
renegades, and rebels
multiple choice
1. the nurse manager of a pediatric clinic could confirm that the new nurse recognized the purpose of the headss
adolescent risk profile when the new nurse responds that it is used to assess for needs related to
a. anticipatory guidance.
b. low-risk adolescents.
c. physical development.
d. sexual development.
answer:a
the headss adolescent risk profile is a psychosocial assessment screening tool which assesses home, education,
activities, drugs, sex, and suicide for the purpose of identifying high-risk adolescents and the need for
anticipatory guidance. it is used to identify high-risk, not low-risk, adolescents. physical development is assessed
with anthropometric data. sexual development is assessed using physical examination.
ref: 6 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
2. the nurse preparing a teaching plan for a preschooler knows that, according to piaget, the expected stage of
development for a preschooler is
a. concrete operational.
b. formal operational.
c. preoperational.
d. sensorimotor.
answer:c
the expected stage of development for a preschooler (3 to 4 years old) is preoperational. concrete operational
describes the thinking of a school-age child (7 to 11 years old). formal operational
describes the thinking of an individual after about 11 years of age. sensorimotor describes the earliest pattern
of thinking from birth to 2 years old.
,ref: 5 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
3. the school nurse talking with a high school class about the difference between growth and development would
best describe growth as
a. processes by which early cells specialize.
b. psychosocial and cognitive changes.
c. qualitative changes associated with aging.
d. quantitative changes in size or weight.
answer:d
growth is a quantitative change in which an increase in cell number and size results in an increase in overall size
or weight of the body or any of its parts. the processes by which early cells specialize are referred to as
differentiation. psychosocial and cognitive changes are referred to as development. qualitative changes
associated with aging are referred to as maturation.
ref: 2 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
4. the most appropriate response of the nurse when a mother asks what the denver ii does is that it
a. can diagnose developmental disabilities.
b. identifies a need for physical therapy.
c. is a developmental screening tool.
d. provides a framework for health teaching.
answer:c
the denver ii is the most commonly used measure of developmental status used by health care professionals; it is
a screening tool. screening tools do not provide a diagnosis. diagnosis requires a thorough neurodevelopment
history and physical examination. developmental delay, which is suggested by screening, is a symptom, not a
diagnosis. the need for any therapy would be identified with a comprehensive evaluation, not a screening tool.
some providers use the denver ii as a framework for teaching about expected development, but this is not the
primary purpose of the tool.
ref: 4 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
,5. to plan early intervention and care for an infant with down syndrome, the nurse considers knowledge of other
physical development exemplars such as
a. cerebral palsy.
b. failure to thrive.
c. fetal alcohol syndrome.
d. hydrocephaly.
answer:d
hydrocephaly is also a physical development exemplar. cerebral palsy is an exemplar of adaptive developmental
delay. failure to thrive is an exemplar of social/emotional developmental delay.
fetal alcohol syndrome is an exemplar of cognitive developmental delay.
ref: 9 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
6. to plan early intervention and care for a child with a developmental delay, the nurse would consider knowledge
of the concepts most significantly impacted by development, including
a. culture.
b. environment.
c. functional status.
d. nutrition.
answer:c
function is one of the concepts most significantly impacted by development. others include sensory-perceptual,
cognition, mobility, reproduction, and sexuality. knowledge of these concepts can help the nurse anticipate
areas that need to be addressed. culture is a concept that is considered to significantly affect development; the
difference is the concepts that affect development are those that represent major influencing factors (causes),
hence determination of development and would be the focus of preventive interventions. environment is
considered to significantly affect development. nutrition is considered to significantly affect development.
ref: 1 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
,7. a mother complains to the nurse at the pediatric clinic that her 4-year-old child always talks to her toys and
makes up stories. the mother wants her child to have a psychologic evaluation. the nurses best initial response is
to
a. refer the child to a psychologist.
b. explain that playing make believe with dolls and people is normal at this age.
c. complete a developmental screening.
d. separate the child from the mother to get more information.
answer:b
by the end of the fourth year, it is expected that a child will engage in fantasy, so this is normal at this age. a
referral to a psychologist would be premature based only on the complaint of the mother. completing a
developmental screening would be very appropriate but not the initial response. the nurse would certainly want
to get more information, but separating the child from the mother is not necessary at this time.
ref: 5 obj: nclex client needs category: health promotion and maintenance
8. a 17-year-old girl is hospitalized for appendicitis, and her mother asks the nurse why she is so needy and acting
like a child. the best response of the nurse is that in the hospital, adolescents
a. have separation anxiety.
b. rebel against rules.
c. regress because of stress.
d. want to know everything.
answer:c
regression to an earlier stage of development is a common response to stress. separation anxiety is most
common in infants and toddlers. rebellion against hospital rules is usually not an issue if the adolescent
understands the rules and would not create childlike behaviors. an adolescent may want to know everything
with their logical thinking and deductive reasoning, but that would not explain why they would act like a child.
chapter 2. emerging roles of the advanced practice nurse
,multiple choice
1. an aprn is about to examine a patient in the emergency department. a colleague states to the aprn “this
patient is probably just seeking pain medication.” regardless of his or her colleague’s comment he or she
enter the examination room and treat the patient as if he or she is trustworthy and has good motives.
which of the ten essential elements of dignity is the aprn utilizing?
a. inclusion
b. benefit of the doubt
c. acceptance of identity
d. recognition
answer:b
treating others as if they are trustworthy, starting with the premise that they have good motives and are acting
with integrity are all key points of benefit of the doubt. benefit of the doubt is one of the ten essential elements
of dignity.
2. an aprn approaches his or her patients as neither inferior nor superior and gives others the freedom to
express their authentic selves without being judged. which of the ten essential elements of dignity is the
aprn utilizing?
a. safety
b. accountability
c. acceptance of identity
d. benefit of doubt
answer:c
the acceptance of identity is one of the ten essential elements of dignity. approaching people as neither inferior
nor superior to you, giving others the freedom to express their authentic selves without fear of being negatively
judged, interacting without prejudice or bias, accepting how race, religion, gender, class, sexual orientation,
age, disability, and so on are at the core of someone’s identities, and assuming they have integrity are all
included in the essential elements of acceptance of identity.
3. communication problems often plague ethical dilemmas, which of the following is often at the forefront of
communication problems regarding clinicians?
,a. poor knowledge of the situation
b. language barriers
c. poor independence
d. failure to speak up
answer:d
all of the answers may contribute to ethical dilemmas but failure of a clinician to speak up about a real or
potential ethical problem is commonly identified. erosion of open and honest communication is typically the first
theme encountered in many ethical dilemmas.
4.a 76-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital after suffering a spinal compression fracture. the patient is
unable to ambulate adequately on his or her own and requires assistance for basic needs. your assessment is that
the patient will recover their strength within 2 weeks. the billing department at the facility notifies you that the
patient may not stay in the hospital for more than 2 days. the patient does not wish to be transferred to a nursing
facility and wishes to remain in the hospital for the remaining 12 days to gain strength. which of the following best
defines this scenario?
a. interprofessional conflict
b. communication problems
c. legal issues
d. multiple commitments
answer:a
this ethical scenario plays out routinely in medical care as an element of interprofessional conflict. the clinician
wishes to respect patient autonomy but must understand and express the best interests of the patient to a
multidisciplinary team.
5. an aprn is scheduled to complete his or her shift at 7 p.m. on a particular day. a new patient arrives 5 minutes
prior to the time the aprn is expected to leave. he or she is asked by a supervisor to stay beyond their scheduled
time to assess the patient and provide care. which of the following best defines this scenario?
a. interprofessional conflict
b. multiple commitments
c. communication problems
,d. legal issues answer:b
aprns often fail to practice self-care and it is a significant threat to ethical practice. multiple commitments
including obligations to multiple parties involving the patient, employer, and legal system may create a scenario
for ethical issues in nursing practice. societal issues including cost containment pressures in health systems are
likely partially responsible for development of this scenario.
6. an aprn works in a primary care clinic. the aprn wishes to treat a patient’s disease with a specific medication that
is far superior to other treatments. the aprn has never encountered issues prescribing this therapy as first-line
treatment in the past. the aprn is informed by this particular patient’s insurance that they require proof that the
aprn has tried a far less effective therapy for 1 month prior to paying for the medication. which of the following
best describes the forces at work in this scenario?
a. communication problems
b. legal issues
c. interprofessional conflict
d. societal issues
answer:d
societal issues including cost containment pressures in health systems are likely responsible for development of
this scenario. interprofessional conflicts would best be involved in this scenario if this is applied in a
multidisciplinary team scenario.
7. which of the following are defined as the four elements of core competency development in ethical decision
making for aprns?
a. knowledge development, knowledge application, creating an ethical environment, promoting social
justice
b. knowledge development, educating others, creating an ethical environment, promoting social justice
c. knowledge development, knowledge application, effective communication, promoting social justice
d. knowledge development, knowledge application, creating an ethical environment, understanding legal
barriers
, answer:a
the core competency of ethical decision making for aprns is best organized into four key elements: knowledge
development, knowledge application, creating an ethical environment, and promoting social justice.
8. which of the following examples best describes the knowledge development element of core competency
development for ethical decision making?
a. analyzing the policymaking process
b. using self-reflection during patient case reviews
c. applying ethical decision-making model to a clinical problem
d. mentoring others to develop ethical practice
answer:b
the use of knowledge development is a key element of core competency development for ethical decision
making. it involves gaining knowledge of ethical theories and developing the ability to distinguish a true ethical
dilemma from a situation of moral distress or other clinically problematic situation. becoming sensitive to ethical
dimensions of clinical practice and fidelity conflicts, developing values clarification (self-reflection), and
interpreting reactions and emotions of others are all elements of knowledge development and moral sensitivity.
9. an aprn joins a group promoting awareness about abuse in long-term nursing care facilities. he or she advocates
for policies that protect the health care rights of individuals who are not able to care for themselves
independently. the aprn most likely employed which of the following elements of core competency development
for ethical decision making?
a. promoting social justice
b. knowledge development
c. creating an ethical environment
d. knowledge application
answer:a
