AQA A-LEVEL GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100%
RATED CORRECT REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ |2025 LATEST VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
Outline the geophysical nature, form and potential impacts of natural hazards - (answer)The
nature of geophysical hazards is land processes caused by internal processes within the earth.
The main forms include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, landslides and mudflows-
mostly events driven by seismic and volcanic activity. These hazards cannot lead to a range of
impacts such as property damage, loss of life, displacement of people and economic disruption
Outline the atmospheric nature, form and potential imapcts of natural hazards - (answer)The
nature of atmospheric hazards is meteorological and climatic processes, these are caused by
changes within the atmosphere. The main forms include tropical storms and wildfires. This
causes many potential impacts such as property damage, loss of life, economic disruption and
displacement of people
Outline the hydrological nature, forms and potential impacts of natural hazards - (answer)The
nature of hydrological hazards are the disruption and movement of water. This causes forms of
natural hazards like floods. This leads to potential impacts of infrastructure damage, economic
distortions and displacement of people.
Outline the concept of hazard perception - (answer)Hazard perception refers to how individuals
or societies view the threat posed by natural hazards. It is influenced by factors such as past
experiences, level of education and cultural background. People may perceive hazards as
unavoidable (fatalism), manageable (adaptation), or preventable (mitigation). These perceptions
affect how people prepare for, respond to, and recover from hazard events.
Explain the economic determinants of hazard perception - (answer)The main economic factor of
hazard perception is wealth. This is because wealthy areas can afford to design, build and retrofit
infrastructure. This allows for people to feel safe. This creates a calm perception. Furthermore,
wealthy areas can invest in education. This ensures that residents are fully aware of the risks and
dangers and the appropriate measures to prepare, adapt and mitigate are taken. This changes
perceptions of hazards from fear to confidence.
,Outline the cultural determinants of hazard perception - (answer)The main cultural determinant
of hazard perception is values or beliefs and whether scientists and the government are trusted.
This is because some cultures believe that hazards are an act of god and therefore cannot be
prevented or adapted to. This changes the perception to fear. A lesser cultural determinant is
experience. This is because people who have experienced hazards could either be more fearful
due to previous hazards negatively impacting their life or have a more positive output because
they have experienced detrimental hazards in the past and therefore nothing could be worse.
Outline the concept of fatalism as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Fatalism is the idea
that people cannot influence or shape the outcomes of a hazard and therefore it cannot be
mitigated against. This is typically the perspective and response in countries with strong religious
beliefs like voodooism. An example of this is in Haiti where the residents believe that Haiti is a
woman and the earthquakes are a result of treating her poorly.
Explain the concept of prediction as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Prediction involves
using scientific methods and technology to forecast when and where a natural hazard might
occur. Prediction allows for government officials to issue early warnings, helping people. This
can reduce the impact of the hazard leading to fewer deaths. For example, meteorologists can
monitor satellites to track tropical storms helping areas predicted to be affected evacuated
Outline the concept of adaptation as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Adaptation is the
attempts by people or communities to live with a hazard. This is achieved by adjusting living
conditions to reduce vulnerability as it is accepted that the hazard cannot be prevented, but the
impact can be. For example, in earthquake zones, buildings can be retrofitted to be earthquake
resistant such as the glass cathedral in Los Angeles, California. Another example could be
building houses raised on stilts to reduce flood damage from tropical storms
Explain the concept of mitigation as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Mitigation involves
taking action to reduce or eliminate the long term risk from natural hazards. It focuses on
minimising the impact before that hazard occurs. An example could be building sea walls to
protect against storm surges. Another example could be controlled burning in fire prone zones to
remove flammable vegetation, reducing the risk of wildfires
,Outline the concept of risk sharing as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Risk sharing
involves spreading financial or social impacts of a hazard across individuals, communities or
governments. This helps to ensure that no one suffers all the losses alone after a natural disaster.
An example is insurance which is paid regularly so if affected people can receive help to cover
damages on their property. Another example could be governments investing in disaster relief
funds to support affected communities.
Outline the concept of the park model - (answer)The park model is a diagram which shows how
hazards can have varying impacts on a location over time. There are three stages of the park
model: relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. Relief is the immediate response after a disaster,
providing medical attention and overall care for those affected. This lasts for hours - days. The
next stage is rehabilitation, this takes days to weeks and involves trying to return the area back to
normal by providing, food, water, shelter. The final and longest stage is reconstruction. This
takes weeks to years and involves rebuilding infrastructure and repairing properties as well as
education.
Outline the concept of the hazard management cycle - (answer)The hazard management cycle is
continuous loop which explains an approach to managing a known hazard. Preparedness is
concerned with using evidence and data from previous events to plan for hazards associated with
the event. Response is concerned with deploying services and resources to save people and
property from harm, involving search and rescue and emergency services. Recovery this is
concerned with post disaster reconstruction and restoration of the local built and natural
environment. Mitigation is an extension to recovery and is the active steps taken to minimise the
negative impacts associated with the hazard
Outline the earth's structure - (answer)The earth has 4 layers making up the structure, the crust,
mantle, inner and outer cores. The thickest is the inner core which is 5100km thick and solid due
to pressure density. Next is the outer core which is 2900km thick and liquid. The third layer is
the mantle which is 2900km thick. It is ductile and rigid. Between the mantle and the crust is the
aesthenosphere this is molten and 100-700km thick. The final layer is the lithosphere which is
the crust. This is up to 100km and is divided up into 7 continents.
Outline the internal energy sources of the earth - (answer)The main internal energy source is
primordial heat. This is left over from the earth's formation. A lesser form of energy is radiogenic
heat. This is produced by the decay of radio active isotopes.
, Explain plate tectonic theory - (answer)This is the idea that originally there was one continent
(Pangea). This has been proved both geologically through South America and west Africa fitting
together and biologically through identical plant fossils being found in India and Antarctica. Due
to convection currents, these plates move relative to one another. When the plates sit along a
constructive boundary, they pull apart forming oceans and landforms. Alternatively, plates can sit
along a destructive boundary and therefore push together leading to land being pushed up
forming mountains.
Outline the process of gravitational sliding - (answer)Gravitational sliding is the process of
tectonic plates moving at a constructive boundary, away from a mid ocean ridge. As magma
rises, it creates new, elevated crust at the ridge, forming a slope. Gravity then causes the newly
formed rock to slide down the slope, pulling the plate with it. This drives plate motion along with
other processes like slab pull
Outline the process of ridge push and slab pull - (answer)Ridge push occurs when magma rises at
mid ocean ridges creating new elevated crust that slides away due to gravity. This pushes
tectonic plates apart, helping to drive plate movement. Slab pull occurs when a denser oceanic
plate sinks into the mantle at a subduction zone. As the plate sinks, it pulls the rest of the plate
with it, making it a major driving force of plate movement.
Explain the relationship between convection currents and sea floor spreading - (answer)There is
a strong relationship between convection currents and sea floor spreading. This is because under
the ocean are tectonic plates. Between these plates are convection currents which drag the plates.
When they move on a constructive boundary, the sea floor pulls apart creating new sea floor. An
example is the mid Atlantic ridge along a constructive boundary meaning that the plates pulls
apart creating a new sea floor.
Outline destructive plate boundaries - (answer)Destructive boundaries with oceanic and
continental plates colliding leads to the denser, oceanic plate subducting beneath the continental
plate. This creates deep ocean trenches. When two continental plates collide they form fold
mountains like the Himalayas. Two oceanic plates can also collide. This leads to the denser plate
being subducted underneath such as the pacific plate moving under the Philippine sea plate in the
Mariana Trench.
RATED CORRECT REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ |2025 LATEST VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
Outline the geophysical nature, form and potential impacts of natural hazards - (answer)The
nature of geophysical hazards is land processes caused by internal processes within the earth.
The main forms include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, landslides and mudflows-
mostly events driven by seismic and volcanic activity. These hazards cannot lead to a range of
impacts such as property damage, loss of life, displacement of people and economic disruption
Outline the atmospheric nature, form and potential imapcts of natural hazards - (answer)The
nature of atmospheric hazards is meteorological and climatic processes, these are caused by
changes within the atmosphere. The main forms include tropical storms and wildfires. This
causes many potential impacts such as property damage, loss of life, economic disruption and
displacement of people
Outline the hydrological nature, forms and potential impacts of natural hazards - (answer)The
nature of hydrological hazards are the disruption and movement of water. This causes forms of
natural hazards like floods. This leads to potential impacts of infrastructure damage, economic
distortions and displacement of people.
Outline the concept of hazard perception - (answer)Hazard perception refers to how individuals
or societies view the threat posed by natural hazards. It is influenced by factors such as past
experiences, level of education and cultural background. People may perceive hazards as
unavoidable (fatalism), manageable (adaptation), or preventable (mitigation). These perceptions
affect how people prepare for, respond to, and recover from hazard events.
Explain the economic determinants of hazard perception - (answer)The main economic factor of
hazard perception is wealth. This is because wealthy areas can afford to design, build and retrofit
infrastructure. This allows for people to feel safe. This creates a calm perception. Furthermore,
wealthy areas can invest in education. This ensures that residents are fully aware of the risks and
dangers and the appropriate measures to prepare, adapt and mitigate are taken. This changes
perceptions of hazards from fear to confidence.
,Outline the cultural determinants of hazard perception - (answer)The main cultural determinant
of hazard perception is values or beliefs and whether scientists and the government are trusted.
This is because some cultures believe that hazards are an act of god and therefore cannot be
prevented or adapted to. This changes the perception to fear. A lesser cultural determinant is
experience. This is because people who have experienced hazards could either be more fearful
due to previous hazards negatively impacting their life or have a more positive output because
they have experienced detrimental hazards in the past and therefore nothing could be worse.
Outline the concept of fatalism as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Fatalism is the idea
that people cannot influence or shape the outcomes of a hazard and therefore it cannot be
mitigated against. This is typically the perspective and response in countries with strong religious
beliefs like voodooism. An example of this is in Haiti where the residents believe that Haiti is a
woman and the earthquakes are a result of treating her poorly.
Explain the concept of prediction as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Prediction involves
using scientific methods and technology to forecast when and where a natural hazard might
occur. Prediction allows for government officials to issue early warnings, helping people. This
can reduce the impact of the hazard leading to fewer deaths. For example, meteorologists can
monitor satellites to track tropical storms helping areas predicted to be affected evacuated
Outline the concept of adaptation as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Adaptation is the
attempts by people or communities to live with a hazard. This is achieved by adjusting living
conditions to reduce vulnerability as it is accepted that the hazard cannot be prevented, but the
impact can be. For example, in earthquake zones, buildings can be retrofitted to be earthquake
resistant such as the glass cathedral in Los Angeles, California. Another example could be
building houses raised on stilts to reduce flood damage from tropical storms
Explain the concept of mitigation as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Mitigation involves
taking action to reduce or eliminate the long term risk from natural hazards. It focuses on
minimising the impact before that hazard occurs. An example could be building sea walls to
protect against storm surges. Another example could be controlled burning in fire prone zones to
remove flammable vegetation, reducing the risk of wildfires
,Outline the concept of risk sharing as a response to a natural hazard - (answer)Risk sharing
involves spreading financial or social impacts of a hazard across individuals, communities or
governments. This helps to ensure that no one suffers all the losses alone after a natural disaster.
An example is insurance which is paid regularly so if affected people can receive help to cover
damages on their property. Another example could be governments investing in disaster relief
funds to support affected communities.
Outline the concept of the park model - (answer)The park model is a diagram which shows how
hazards can have varying impacts on a location over time. There are three stages of the park
model: relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. Relief is the immediate response after a disaster,
providing medical attention and overall care for those affected. This lasts for hours - days. The
next stage is rehabilitation, this takes days to weeks and involves trying to return the area back to
normal by providing, food, water, shelter. The final and longest stage is reconstruction. This
takes weeks to years and involves rebuilding infrastructure and repairing properties as well as
education.
Outline the concept of the hazard management cycle - (answer)The hazard management cycle is
continuous loop which explains an approach to managing a known hazard. Preparedness is
concerned with using evidence and data from previous events to plan for hazards associated with
the event. Response is concerned with deploying services and resources to save people and
property from harm, involving search and rescue and emergency services. Recovery this is
concerned with post disaster reconstruction and restoration of the local built and natural
environment. Mitigation is an extension to recovery and is the active steps taken to minimise the
negative impacts associated with the hazard
Outline the earth's structure - (answer)The earth has 4 layers making up the structure, the crust,
mantle, inner and outer cores. The thickest is the inner core which is 5100km thick and solid due
to pressure density. Next is the outer core which is 2900km thick and liquid. The third layer is
the mantle which is 2900km thick. It is ductile and rigid. Between the mantle and the crust is the
aesthenosphere this is molten and 100-700km thick. The final layer is the lithosphere which is
the crust. This is up to 100km and is divided up into 7 continents.
Outline the internal energy sources of the earth - (answer)The main internal energy source is
primordial heat. This is left over from the earth's formation. A lesser form of energy is radiogenic
heat. This is produced by the decay of radio active isotopes.
, Explain plate tectonic theory - (answer)This is the idea that originally there was one continent
(Pangea). This has been proved both geologically through South America and west Africa fitting
together and biologically through identical plant fossils being found in India and Antarctica. Due
to convection currents, these plates move relative to one another. When the plates sit along a
constructive boundary, they pull apart forming oceans and landforms. Alternatively, plates can sit
along a destructive boundary and therefore push together leading to land being pushed up
forming mountains.
Outline the process of gravitational sliding - (answer)Gravitational sliding is the process of
tectonic plates moving at a constructive boundary, away from a mid ocean ridge. As magma
rises, it creates new, elevated crust at the ridge, forming a slope. Gravity then causes the newly
formed rock to slide down the slope, pulling the plate with it. This drives plate motion along with
other processes like slab pull
Outline the process of ridge push and slab pull - (answer)Ridge push occurs when magma rises at
mid ocean ridges creating new elevated crust that slides away due to gravity. This pushes
tectonic plates apart, helping to drive plate movement. Slab pull occurs when a denser oceanic
plate sinks into the mantle at a subduction zone. As the plate sinks, it pulls the rest of the plate
with it, making it a major driving force of plate movement.
Explain the relationship between convection currents and sea floor spreading - (answer)There is
a strong relationship between convection currents and sea floor spreading. This is because under
the ocean are tectonic plates. Between these plates are convection currents which drag the plates.
When they move on a constructive boundary, the sea floor pulls apart creating new sea floor. An
example is the mid Atlantic ridge along a constructive boundary meaning that the plates pulls
apart creating a new sea floor.
Outline destructive plate boundaries - (answer)Destructive boundaries with oceanic and
continental plates colliding leads to the denser, oceanic plate subducting beneath the continental
plate. This creates deep ocean trenches. When two continental plates collide they form fold
mountains like the Himalayas. Two oceanic plates can also collide. This leads to the denser plate
being subducted underneath such as the pacific plate moving under the Philippine sea plate in the
Mariana Trench.
