CNUR 103 - unit 10 Exam Questions Answered Correctly
What does "intracellular" mean? - Answers Inside the cell; ICF makes up two-thirds of the body's total
water.
What does "extracellular" mean? - Answers Outside the cell; includes interstitial and intravascular fluid.
What is infiltration? - Answers Leakage of IV fluid into surrounding tissues due to catheter misplacement
or vein perforation.
What is diffusion? - Answers Passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
What is a hypertonic solution? - Answers A solution with higher solute concentration than body fluids;
causes cells to shrink.
What is a hypotonic solution? - Answers A solution with lower solute concentration than body fluids;
causes cells to swell.
What is an isotonic solution? - Answers A solution with the same solute concentration as body fluids;
does not shift fluid.
What is dehydration? - Answers Excessive fluid loss causing electrolyte imbalance and reduced blood
volume.
What is thrombosis? - Answers Formation of a blood clot in a vein that can obstruct flow.
What is osmosis? - Answers Movement of water across a membrane from low to high solute
concentration.
What is acidosis? - Answers A condition where blood pH drops below 7.35 due to excess hydrogen ions.
What is alkalosis? - Answers A condition where blood pH rises above 7.45 due to hydrogen ion
deficiency.
What is the drop factor? - Answers The number of drops per mL (gtt/mL) used to calculate IV drip rates.
What is sensible water loss? - Answers Measurable water loss like urine or sweat.
What is insensible water loss? - Answers Unmeasurable water loss from respiration or skin evaporation.
What is hypovolemia? - Answers Decreased blood volume, often from dehydration or blood loss.
What is phlebitis? - Answers Inflammation of a vein, often due to IV irritation or infection.
What is an embolus? - Answers A clot or air bubble that travels and may block vital organs.
What is IV therapy and why is it used? - Answers The delivery of fluids, meds, or nutrients into a vein for
rapid treatment, hydration, or nutrition.
,What are common types of IV fluids? - Answers Crystalloids (e.g., NS, LR)
Colloids (e.g., albumin)
Blood products (e.g., PRBCs)
What is the purpose of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic fluids? - Answers Isotonic: Fluid resuscitation
Hypotonic: Hydrate cells
Hypertonic: Draw fluid out of cells
Indications for IV therapy? - Answers Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Blood loss
Medication or nutrition delivery
Common IV therapy complications? - Answers Infiltration, phlebitis, thrombosis, embolism, fluid
overload, infection.
Steps to insert an IV catheter? - Answers Gather supplies
Choose vein
Clean site
Insert at 15-30°
Advance after flashback
Remove needle, secure IV
Types of IV catheters? - Answers PIVC: Short-term
Midline: Medium-term
CVC: Long-term in central veins
How to secure an IV catheter? - Answers Use transparent dressings and anchor devices; avoid excess
tape.
What are signs of infiltration and how is it treated? - Answers Signs: Swelling, pain, pallor, coolness
Treatment: Stop IV, elevate limb, apply compress
What are signs of phlebitis and how is it treated? - Answers Signs: Redness, pain, warmth, swelling
, Treatment: Stop IV, apply warm compress
How do you calculate IV drip rate? - Answers Flow Rate = (Total Volume × Drop Factor) ÷ Time (in
minutes)
Difference between peripheral and central IV? - Answers Peripheral: Small veins, short-term
Central: Large veins, long-term or high-risk meds
How do you assess a vein for IV insertion? - Answers Look for large, straight veins
Avoid flexion areas
Review patient history
What is the nurse's role in IV monitoring? - Answers Watch for complications
Track intake/output
Evaluate patient response
Steps for discontinuing an IV line? - Answers Wash hands, wear gloves
Stop infusion
Remove dressing
Withdraw catheter
Apply pressure
Body Fluids - Answers -Primary body fluid: Water
-Building block for body cells and tissues
-Breaks down carbohydrates, fats and proteins
-A lubricant
-A shock absorber
-Means of regulating and maintaining body temperature
Movement of Body Fluids and Electrolytes - Answers Fluids and electrolytes move along the body
compartments by:
•Passive Transport
•Active Transport
What does "intracellular" mean? - Answers Inside the cell; ICF makes up two-thirds of the body's total
water.
What does "extracellular" mean? - Answers Outside the cell; includes interstitial and intravascular fluid.
What is infiltration? - Answers Leakage of IV fluid into surrounding tissues due to catheter misplacement
or vein perforation.
What is diffusion? - Answers Passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
What is a hypertonic solution? - Answers A solution with higher solute concentration than body fluids;
causes cells to shrink.
What is a hypotonic solution? - Answers A solution with lower solute concentration than body fluids;
causes cells to swell.
What is an isotonic solution? - Answers A solution with the same solute concentration as body fluids;
does not shift fluid.
What is dehydration? - Answers Excessive fluid loss causing electrolyte imbalance and reduced blood
volume.
What is thrombosis? - Answers Formation of a blood clot in a vein that can obstruct flow.
What is osmosis? - Answers Movement of water across a membrane from low to high solute
concentration.
What is acidosis? - Answers A condition where blood pH drops below 7.35 due to excess hydrogen ions.
What is alkalosis? - Answers A condition where blood pH rises above 7.45 due to hydrogen ion
deficiency.
What is the drop factor? - Answers The number of drops per mL (gtt/mL) used to calculate IV drip rates.
What is sensible water loss? - Answers Measurable water loss like urine or sweat.
What is insensible water loss? - Answers Unmeasurable water loss from respiration or skin evaporation.
What is hypovolemia? - Answers Decreased blood volume, often from dehydration or blood loss.
What is phlebitis? - Answers Inflammation of a vein, often due to IV irritation or infection.
What is an embolus? - Answers A clot or air bubble that travels and may block vital organs.
What is IV therapy and why is it used? - Answers The delivery of fluids, meds, or nutrients into a vein for
rapid treatment, hydration, or nutrition.
,What are common types of IV fluids? - Answers Crystalloids (e.g., NS, LR)
Colloids (e.g., albumin)
Blood products (e.g., PRBCs)
What is the purpose of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic fluids? - Answers Isotonic: Fluid resuscitation
Hypotonic: Hydrate cells
Hypertonic: Draw fluid out of cells
Indications for IV therapy? - Answers Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Blood loss
Medication or nutrition delivery
Common IV therapy complications? - Answers Infiltration, phlebitis, thrombosis, embolism, fluid
overload, infection.
Steps to insert an IV catheter? - Answers Gather supplies
Choose vein
Clean site
Insert at 15-30°
Advance after flashback
Remove needle, secure IV
Types of IV catheters? - Answers PIVC: Short-term
Midline: Medium-term
CVC: Long-term in central veins
How to secure an IV catheter? - Answers Use transparent dressings and anchor devices; avoid excess
tape.
What are signs of infiltration and how is it treated? - Answers Signs: Swelling, pain, pallor, coolness
Treatment: Stop IV, elevate limb, apply compress
What are signs of phlebitis and how is it treated? - Answers Signs: Redness, pain, warmth, swelling
, Treatment: Stop IV, apply warm compress
How do you calculate IV drip rate? - Answers Flow Rate = (Total Volume × Drop Factor) ÷ Time (in
minutes)
Difference between peripheral and central IV? - Answers Peripheral: Small veins, short-term
Central: Large veins, long-term or high-risk meds
How do you assess a vein for IV insertion? - Answers Look for large, straight veins
Avoid flexion areas
Review patient history
What is the nurse's role in IV monitoring? - Answers Watch for complications
Track intake/output
Evaluate patient response
Steps for discontinuing an IV line? - Answers Wash hands, wear gloves
Stop infusion
Remove dressing
Withdraw catheter
Apply pressure
Body Fluids - Answers -Primary body fluid: Water
-Building block for body cells and tissues
-Breaks down carbohydrates, fats and proteins
-A lubricant
-A shock absorber
-Means of regulating and maintaining body temperature
Movement of Body Fluids and Electrolytes - Answers Fluids and electrolytes move along the body
compartments by:
•Passive Transport
•Active Transport
