HEMATOLOGY
CHAPTER 1 HAEMOPOIESIS
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,Haematopoiesis 1
What is Haematopoiesis? 1
Types of Blood Cells 1
What is a Haemopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)? 2
Haematopoiesis Hierarchy 3
Core Concepts in Haematopoiesis 5
Sites of Haematopoiesis: Before and After Birth 6
Regulation of Haematopoiesis 7
Bone Marrow Microenvironment 8
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) 8
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Cytokines and Growth Factors 9
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What are CD Antigens? 10
Granulocytes: Quick Refresher 11
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CD Markers on Granulocytes 11
Clinical and Laboratory Use 12
Study Tip: 12
Cytokine Signaling es 14
What is EPO? 14
EPO Feedback Cycle (Negative Feedback Loop) 14
○ The cycle maintains homeostasis (a stable internal environment). 15
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Summary Table 15
Clinical Relevance 15
Overview of Erythropoiesis 16
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Summary 18
20 MCQs on Haematopoiesis 19
Essay Questions 23
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Q1: What happens when defective or insufficient levels of haemoglobin are
produced? 23
1. Reduced Oxygen-Carrying Capacity 23
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2. Impaired Red Blood Cell Production 23
3. Red Blood Cell Destruction (Haemolysis) 23
4. Microcytic, Hypochromic Anaemia 23
5. Increased Erythropoietin (EPO) Production 24
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Key Cytokines in Haemopoiesis 25
Key CAMs and Their Roles 26
1
, PART 1 - HAEMATOLOGY
Haematopoiesis
What is Haematopoiesis?
● Haem = blood, Poiesis = production
● The process by which all blood cells are produced from pluripotent stem cells
● Generates:
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○ ~200 billion RBCs/day
Va
○ ~10 billion WBCs/day
○ ~400 billion platelets/day
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Types of Blood Cells
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Haematopoiesis gives rise to three major lineages of blood cells:
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Lineage Cell Types Function
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Erythroid Erythrocytes (RBCs) Oxygen transport
om
Myeloid Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Immune defense,
Monocytes, Platelets clotting
Bi
Lymphoid B cells, T cells, NK cells Adaptive immunity
2
CHAPTER 1 HAEMOPOIESIS
t
ul
Va
es
ot
N
ed
om
Bi
,Haematopoiesis 1
What is Haematopoiesis? 1
Types of Blood Cells 1
What is a Haemopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)? 2
Haematopoiesis Hierarchy 3
Core Concepts in Haematopoiesis 5
Sites of Haematopoiesis: Before and After Birth 6
Regulation of Haematopoiesis 7
Bone Marrow Microenvironment 8
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) 8
t
Cytokines and Growth Factors 9
ul
What are CD Antigens? 10
Granulocytes: Quick Refresher 11
Va
CD Markers on Granulocytes 11
Clinical and Laboratory Use 12
Study Tip: 12
Cytokine Signaling es 14
What is EPO? 14
EPO Feedback Cycle (Negative Feedback Loop) 14
○ The cycle maintains homeostasis (a stable internal environment). 15
ot
Summary Table 15
Clinical Relevance 15
Overview of Erythropoiesis 16
N
Summary 18
20 MCQs on Haematopoiesis 19
Essay Questions 23
ed
Q1: What happens when defective or insufficient levels of haemoglobin are
produced? 23
1. Reduced Oxygen-Carrying Capacity 23
om
2. Impaired Red Blood Cell Production 23
3. Red Blood Cell Destruction (Haemolysis) 23
4. Microcytic, Hypochromic Anaemia 23
5. Increased Erythropoietin (EPO) Production 24
Bi
Key Cytokines in Haemopoiesis 25
Key CAMs and Their Roles 26
1
, PART 1 - HAEMATOLOGY
Haematopoiesis
What is Haematopoiesis?
● Haem = blood, Poiesis = production
● The process by which all blood cells are produced from pluripotent stem cells
● Generates:
t
ul
○ ~200 billion RBCs/day
Va
○ ~10 billion WBCs/day
○ ~400 billion platelets/day
es
Types of Blood Cells
ot
Haematopoiesis gives rise to three major lineages of blood cells:
N
Lineage Cell Types Function
ed
Erythroid Erythrocytes (RBCs) Oxygen transport
om
Myeloid Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Immune defense,
Monocytes, Platelets clotting
Bi
Lymphoid B cells, T cells, NK cells Adaptive immunity
2
