Rollins Psychology Test 3 Exam |119
Questions and answers
How does the idea of a general intelligence differ from the idea of multiple
intelligences? - -General intelligence: one general ability
Multiple intelligences: many different dimensions of intelligence that are
relatively unrelated (Analytical, Creative, Practical)
- What are the three types of intelligences proposed by Robert Sternberg? -
-practical , creative, analytical
- Who was Alfred Binet and what did he do? - -French psychologist who
invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet-Simon test. Binet-Simon test:
estimated child's mental age
- What does mental age refer to on the Binet-Simon scale? - -Level of
performance associated with particular chronological age
- Who was Louis Terman and what did he do? How was IQ originally
calculated for the Stanford-Binet test? What were some problems with early
intelligence tests? - --Professor at Stanford who translated Binet's test and
added items to test adult intelligence; added scoring method of using
intelligence quotient.
-(Mental Age/Chronological Age) X 100
-Early IQ tests labeled and limited children and only reflected innate
capabilities
- What IQ tests are most commonly used today? - -Wechsler scales (WAIS
(adult), WISC (children 6-16), WPPSI (children below 6))
- How is IQ score determined for current IQ tests? What are norms? What is
a normal distribution/bell curve? What is the average IQ? - --Score is
determined by comparing performance to others in your age group (large
representative sample)
-Norms: descriptions of frequency of scores
-Normal distribution = bell shaped curve when norms are graphed
-AVG IQ = 100
- What is standardization in terms of intelligence testing? - -The
standardization of a test involves giving it to a large number of people at
different ages and computing the average score on the test at each age
level. It is important that intelligence tests be standardized on a regular
basis, because the overall level of intelligence in a population may change
over time
, - What criteria must one typically meet to be considered gifted? - -
- What criteria must one typically meet to be diagnosed with mental
retardation/intellectual disability? How do the two differ? - --Must show
problems with daily living skills
-Learning disability: major issues with particular cognitive problems, perform
normally on most tasks (dyslexia)
-intellectual disability: mental retardation, show significant problems with
most tasks
- What is reliability? What is validity? - -Reliability: consistency of scores
over time
Validity: authenticity (does test measure what it claims to)
- How does reliability of IQ tests change with age? - --Not reliable before 4,
very reliable after 7
-reliability increases with age
- How valid are IQ tests? - -There is a big problem with IQ test validity →
don't have a set definition of what IQ is; however it does predict
school/academic performance
- What is a cross-sectional study? - -a study in which people of different
ages are compared with one another
- what is a longitudinal study - -A study that collects data from the same
people at more than one point in time.
- What is fluid intelligence? - -capacity to learn new ways of solving
problems
- What is crystallized intelligence? - -ability to use acquired skills/knowledge
over the years
- How do fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence change with aging? -
-Fluid intelligence decreases with age and crystallized intelligence remains
stable or continues to increase with age.
- What evidence suggests a genetic role in intelligence? - -correlation is
higher with closer relatives
-correlation = higher between identical twins than fraternal twins
- What evidence indicates an environmental role in intelligence? - --identical
twins raised together = more similar scores vs. twins raised apart
Questions and answers
How does the idea of a general intelligence differ from the idea of multiple
intelligences? - -General intelligence: one general ability
Multiple intelligences: many different dimensions of intelligence that are
relatively unrelated (Analytical, Creative, Practical)
- What are the three types of intelligences proposed by Robert Sternberg? -
-practical , creative, analytical
- Who was Alfred Binet and what did he do? - -French psychologist who
invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet-Simon test. Binet-Simon test:
estimated child's mental age
- What does mental age refer to on the Binet-Simon scale? - -Level of
performance associated with particular chronological age
- Who was Louis Terman and what did he do? How was IQ originally
calculated for the Stanford-Binet test? What were some problems with early
intelligence tests? - --Professor at Stanford who translated Binet's test and
added items to test adult intelligence; added scoring method of using
intelligence quotient.
-(Mental Age/Chronological Age) X 100
-Early IQ tests labeled and limited children and only reflected innate
capabilities
- What IQ tests are most commonly used today? - -Wechsler scales (WAIS
(adult), WISC (children 6-16), WPPSI (children below 6))
- How is IQ score determined for current IQ tests? What are norms? What is
a normal distribution/bell curve? What is the average IQ? - --Score is
determined by comparing performance to others in your age group (large
representative sample)
-Norms: descriptions of frequency of scores
-Normal distribution = bell shaped curve when norms are graphed
-AVG IQ = 100
- What is standardization in terms of intelligence testing? - -The
standardization of a test involves giving it to a large number of people at
different ages and computing the average score on the test at each age
level. It is important that intelligence tests be standardized on a regular
basis, because the overall level of intelligence in a population may change
over time
, - What criteria must one typically meet to be considered gifted? - -
- What criteria must one typically meet to be diagnosed with mental
retardation/intellectual disability? How do the two differ? - --Must show
problems with daily living skills
-Learning disability: major issues with particular cognitive problems, perform
normally on most tasks (dyslexia)
-intellectual disability: mental retardation, show significant problems with
most tasks
- What is reliability? What is validity? - -Reliability: consistency of scores
over time
Validity: authenticity (does test measure what it claims to)
- How does reliability of IQ tests change with age? - --Not reliable before 4,
very reliable after 7
-reliability increases with age
- How valid are IQ tests? - -There is a big problem with IQ test validity →
don't have a set definition of what IQ is; however it does predict
school/academic performance
- What is a cross-sectional study? - -a study in which people of different
ages are compared with one another
- what is a longitudinal study - -A study that collects data from the same
people at more than one point in time.
- What is fluid intelligence? - -capacity to learn new ways of solving
problems
- What is crystallized intelligence? - -ability to use acquired skills/knowledge
over the years
- How do fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence change with aging? -
-Fluid intelligence decreases with age and crystallized intelligence remains
stable or continues to increase with age.
- What evidence suggests a genetic role in intelligence? - -correlation is
higher with closer relatives
-correlation = higher between identical twins than fraternal twins
- What evidence indicates an environmental role in intelligence? - --identical
twins raised together = more similar scores vs. twins raised apart
