STAAR Biology Category 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Nucleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a biomolecule that stores and transmits genetic
information such as DNA or RNA
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - called deoxyribonucleic acid; holds the code to make
proteins
Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - a long strand of DNA all coiled up
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - the monomer of DNA; made of 3 parts - deoxyribose
sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
Sugar-phosphate backbone - CORRECT ANSWER - the name for the "sides" of a DNA
molecule; sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate, etc.
Nitrogenous base - CORRECT ANSWER - A, T, C, G in the middle of DNA; the order
determines traits, or characteristics
Adenine - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the nitrogenous base "A"; connects to
thymine
Thymine - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the nitrogenous base "T"; connects to
adenine
Guanine - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the nitrogenous base "G"; connects to
cytosine
, Cytosine - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the nitrogenous base "C"; connects to
guanine
Double helix shape - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the the spiral shape of DNA
like a staircase
mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic
information
point mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation involving change in one nucleotide
only; example is a substitution
substitution mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - point mutation in which one nitrogeneous
base (nucleotide) is changed to another
frame-shift mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of mutation that shifts the "reading
frame" of the genetic message; includes insertions and deletions
insertion mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of frame-shift mutation where a
nucleotide is added to the genetic material
deletion mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of frame-shift mutation where a
nucleotide is deleted from the genetic material
trait - CORRECT ANSWER - a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to
another
gene - CORRECT ANSWER - segment of DNA that codes for a protein and thus
determines a trait
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Nucleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a biomolecule that stores and transmits genetic
information such as DNA or RNA
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - called deoxyribonucleic acid; holds the code to make
proteins
Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - a long strand of DNA all coiled up
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - the monomer of DNA; made of 3 parts - deoxyribose
sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
Sugar-phosphate backbone - CORRECT ANSWER - the name for the "sides" of a DNA
molecule; sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate, etc.
Nitrogenous base - CORRECT ANSWER - A, T, C, G in the middle of DNA; the order
determines traits, or characteristics
Adenine - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the nitrogenous base "A"; connects to
thymine
Thymine - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the nitrogenous base "T"; connects to
adenine
Guanine - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the nitrogenous base "G"; connects to
cytosine
, Cytosine - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the nitrogenous base "C"; connects to
guanine
Double helix shape - CORRECT ANSWER - The name of the the spiral shape of DNA
like a staircase
mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic
information
point mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation involving change in one nucleotide
only; example is a substitution
substitution mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - point mutation in which one nitrogeneous
base (nucleotide) is changed to another
frame-shift mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of mutation that shifts the "reading
frame" of the genetic message; includes insertions and deletions
insertion mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of frame-shift mutation where a
nucleotide is added to the genetic material
deletion mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of frame-shift mutation where a
nucleotide is deleted from the genetic material
trait - CORRECT ANSWER - a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to
another
gene - CORRECT ANSWER - segment of DNA that codes for a protein and thus
determines a trait
