PHA 6936 Special Topics In Forensic Science Verified
Questions And Answers
Define Forensic Science ANS The application of science as it pertains to the law
Two Classifications of Evidence ANS Associative
Inceptive
Associative Evidence ANS links people, places, and objects
Inceptive Evidence ANS addresses the issue of whether an offense has occurred
What is the Basic Tenent of Forensic Science? ANS Locard's Exchange Principle: Every contact leaves a
trace
What are the basic principles of Forensic Science? ANS The identification, individualization, or
classification of physical evidence
Three Points of the Evidence Linkage Principle ANS Victim
Suspect
Scene
______ was the first to develop a personal identification system. ANS Alphonse Bertillon
The first personal identification system was developed in the ______ century. ANS 19th
______ was the original initiative of William Herschel in 1877. ANS Fingerprinting
Contextual Bias ANS environmental influences and past experiences that sway decision making
Confirmation Bias ANS accepting conclusions of another without due diligence of the scientific process
,The ______ must establish clear and direct lines of communication with forensic experts, investigators, etc.
and to be effective managers at the scene, during the investigative process, and of the final presentation of
physical evidence at court. ANS Crime Scene Investigator
6 Steps of Approaching a Scene ANS 1. use an entry other than that taken by the suspect
2. establish the bath taken by other persons first on scene
3. consider the loss of trace evidence on entry throughout your examination
4. reassess OSHA issues
5. establish the extent of the scene and additional assistance that may be required
6. establish an entry and exit path for the Senior Investigating Officer and specialists to access the scene
The first responsibility of the initial responding officer is to ______. ANS secure and protect the scene
The physical barriers of a scene should include ______. ANS -where the crime occurred
-potential points of entry and exit of suspects and witnesses
-places where the victim or evidence may have been moved
Officers will ______ at a scene. ANS -set up physical presence at established points outside
-identify everyone present
-prevent destruction of physical evidence by restricting movement and activity
5 Steps of Processing the Scene ANS 1. survey
2. photograph and search
3. map and measure
4. recording and documenting the location of evidence
5. search for fingerprints and evidence
Scene documentation can be done by ______. ANS -sketching
-written notes
-photography
,-video
Scene notes should include: ANS -basic facts
-times
-dates
-names
-locations
-victims
-suspects
-conversations
-receipt of property
6 Categories of Documentation at a Search ANS -administrative worksheet
-narrative description
-photographic log
-diagram/sketch
-evidence recovery log
-latent print lift log
When should fragile and perishable evidence should be identified and protected, documented, photographed,
and collected? ANS The Walk-Through
Contamination at a scene is controlled by: ANS Limiting access to those directly involved in scene
processing
Designating specific areas for trash and equipment
Using single use materials for the collection of biological materials and other trace evidence
The ______ transient evidence should be collected first moving toward the ______ transient. ANS Most;
Least
Use the ______ intrusive collection techniques first, then the ______ intrusive. ANS Least; Most
, Least intrusive collection techniques include: ANS -oblique lighting
-ALS
Most intrusive collection techniques include: ANS -chemical processes
Evidence collection is documented by: ANS -recording its location
-the date and name of the collector
-establishing chain of custody
______ should be collected for comparison. ANS reference and standard materials
3 Golden Rules of Searching ANS 1. search area should be determined to maximize concentration, no
more than 20-40 minutes to search
2. 10 minute breaks should be taken after each search
3. search the same area twice
3 Methods to Approach a Search ANS 1. positive search
2. negative search
3. information/intelligence
The positive search method to approach a search includes: ANS Find evidence at the scene hat will provide
physical evidence about the case (murder weapon, blood, trace evidence)
The negative search method to approach a search includes: ANS find something that was not there
(absence of forced entry, absence of skid marks)
The information/intelligence method to approach a search includes: ANS visual and verbal of known
circumstances of the incident, looking for possible explanations of known facts and using intelligent though
and concentration
5 Basic Search Methods ANS -strip
Questions And Answers
Define Forensic Science ANS The application of science as it pertains to the law
Two Classifications of Evidence ANS Associative
Inceptive
Associative Evidence ANS links people, places, and objects
Inceptive Evidence ANS addresses the issue of whether an offense has occurred
What is the Basic Tenent of Forensic Science? ANS Locard's Exchange Principle: Every contact leaves a
trace
What are the basic principles of Forensic Science? ANS The identification, individualization, or
classification of physical evidence
Three Points of the Evidence Linkage Principle ANS Victim
Suspect
Scene
______ was the first to develop a personal identification system. ANS Alphonse Bertillon
The first personal identification system was developed in the ______ century. ANS 19th
______ was the original initiative of William Herschel in 1877. ANS Fingerprinting
Contextual Bias ANS environmental influences and past experiences that sway decision making
Confirmation Bias ANS accepting conclusions of another without due diligence of the scientific process
,The ______ must establish clear and direct lines of communication with forensic experts, investigators, etc.
and to be effective managers at the scene, during the investigative process, and of the final presentation of
physical evidence at court. ANS Crime Scene Investigator
6 Steps of Approaching a Scene ANS 1. use an entry other than that taken by the suspect
2. establish the bath taken by other persons first on scene
3. consider the loss of trace evidence on entry throughout your examination
4. reassess OSHA issues
5. establish the extent of the scene and additional assistance that may be required
6. establish an entry and exit path for the Senior Investigating Officer and specialists to access the scene
The first responsibility of the initial responding officer is to ______. ANS secure and protect the scene
The physical barriers of a scene should include ______. ANS -where the crime occurred
-potential points of entry and exit of suspects and witnesses
-places where the victim or evidence may have been moved
Officers will ______ at a scene. ANS -set up physical presence at established points outside
-identify everyone present
-prevent destruction of physical evidence by restricting movement and activity
5 Steps of Processing the Scene ANS 1. survey
2. photograph and search
3. map and measure
4. recording and documenting the location of evidence
5. search for fingerprints and evidence
Scene documentation can be done by ______. ANS -sketching
-written notes
-photography
,-video
Scene notes should include: ANS -basic facts
-times
-dates
-names
-locations
-victims
-suspects
-conversations
-receipt of property
6 Categories of Documentation at a Search ANS -administrative worksheet
-narrative description
-photographic log
-diagram/sketch
-evidence recovery log
-latent print lift log
When should fragile and perishable evidence should be identified and protected, documented, photographed,
and collected? ANS The Walk-Through
Contamination at a scene is controlled by: ANS Limiting access to those directly involved in scene
processing
Designating specific areas for trash and equipment
Using single use materials for the collection of biological materials and other trace evidence
The ______ transient evidence should be collected first moving toward the ______ transient. ANS Most;
Least
Use the ______ intrusive collection techniques first, then the ______ intrusive. ANS Least; Most
, Least intrusive collection techniques include: ANS -oblique lighting
-ALS
Most intrusive collection techniques include: ANS -chemical processes
Evidence collection is documented by: ANS -recording its location
-the date and name of the collector
-establishing chain of custody
______ should be collected for comparison. ANS reference and standard materials
3 Golden Rules of Searching ANS 1. search area should be determined to maximize concentration, no
more than 20-40 minutes to search
2. 10 minute breaks should be taken after each search
3. search the same area twice
3 Methods to Approach a Search ANS 1. positive search
2. negative search
3. information/intelligence
The positive search method to approach a search includes: ANS Find evidence at the scene hat will provide
physical evidence about the case (murder weapon, blood, trace evidence)
The negative search method to approach a search includes: ANS find something that was not there
(absence of forced entry, absence of skid marks)
The information/intelligence method to approach a search includes: ANS visual and verbal of known
circumstances of the incident, looking for possible explanations of known facts and using intelligent though
and concentration
5 Basic Search Methods ANS -strip
