1 Gender
ISSUES AND DEBAESUFE
bias 3 Free will vs determinism
Alpha bias exaggeratesgenderdifferences Types ofdeterminism
psychodynamictheory evolutionarytheory _biological genes neurochemistry
schizophreniadiagnosisdiscrepancies environmental conditions experiences
Beta bias minimisesgenderdifferences psychic unconsciousthoughts
fightor flightresearch hard behaviourcontrolledbyinternaland
Androcentrism male centredperspective externalforces nofreewill
trivialisesfemaleexperience soft allowssomefreewill
Universality strivesfor theoriesapplicable Freewill supportedbyhumanism and
to all but in the expense ofvalidity moral responsibility
feminist psychology reverse alpha Evaluations
bias can empowerwomen Twinconcordanceratesshownototaldeterminism
researchbias institutionalsexism in Humanbehaviouriscomplexandcontext
labs assumptionsleadtostereotypes sensitive
2
Culture bias freewill hasfacevalidity butcouldbe
Culturalrelativism behaviourshould be an illusion Libet foundactivation inthe
understood in its culturalcontext brain 7 secondsbefore thechoiceofwhat
Alphabias assumesculturaldifferences handpresses a button
individualistic vs collectivistdivide 4
Nature Nurturedebate
Betabias ignoresculturaldifferences heredityevolution environmentlearning
IQ tests imposed on non Westerners Interactionist view both nature nurture
Ethnocentrism judging others
byone's Support
own culturalnorms can lead to misdiagnosis diathesisstress genticvulnerability an
e g Ainsworth'sstrangesituation environmental trigger e.g schizophrenia
Emic vs Etic emic is culturespecific Maguire's taxidrivers experience can
etic isuniversal butmustavoidimposedetics shape the brain's structure
culturalawarenessisimprovingthrough epigenetics experiencesaffectgeneexpression
crossculturalresearchandcollaboration mutualinfluencebetterexplainsbehaviour
centricwhich botharedeterministic
is tergenstern
, 5 Holism us Reductionism 7 Ethical
implications ofresearch
Holism looks at whole systems Sociallysensitive research haspotential
Reductionism breaksdownbehaviour into consequences forparticipants or groups
parts biological environmental Examples Bowlby maternaldeprivation
Biologicalreductionism neurotransmitters Burt IQ Milgram'sstudy
and genes suchresearchcan challenge
Environmentalreductionism conditioning stereotypesandinformpolicy
Levelsofexplanation soci.at holistic x misuse e.geugenics showsthe
ffm needforresearcherresponsibility
Ef.mil Ethicscommittes use costbenefit
Holism provides a moreindepthexplanation analysis butoutcomes arehardto predict
butlackspracticalityandempiricalsupport
Reductionismis scientifically rigorousand
useful e.gdrugtreatments butmay
oversimplify complexhumanbehaviour
Idiographicvs Nomotheticapproaches
Idiographic focuseson individualscase
studies qualitativedata
Examples Freud humanism HMand
KF memory
Nomothetic aimstoproducegenerallaws
experiments quantitative data
Examples behaviourist biologicaland
cognitive research
Evaluation
Idiographic providesdepthandtheory
development butlacksgeneralisability
Nomothetic isscientificallycredablebut it
ignorespersonalexperiences
ISSUES AND DEBAESUFE
bias 3 Free will vs determinism
Alpha bias exaggeratesgenderdifferences Types ofdeterminism
psychodynamictheory evolutionarytheory _biological genes neurochemistry
schizophreniadiagnosisdiscrepancies environmental conditions experiences
Beta bias minimisesgenderdifferences psychic unconsciousthoughts
fightor flightresearch hard behaviourcontrolledbyinternaland
Androcentrism male centredperspective externalforces nofreewill
trivialisesfemaleexperience soft allowssomefreewill
Universality strivesfor theoriesapplicable Freewill supportedbyhumanism and
to all but in the expense ofvalidity moral responsibility
feminist psychology reverse alpha Evaluations
bias can empowerwomen Twinconcordanceratesshownototaldeterminism
researchbias institutionalsexism in Humanbehaviouriscomplexandcontext
labs assumptionsleadtostereotypes sensitive
2
Culture bias freewill hasfacevalidity butcouldbe
Culturalrelativism behaviourshould be an illusion Libet foundactivation inthe
understood in its culturalcontext brain 7 secondsbefore thechoiceofwhat
Alphabias assumesculturaldifferences handpresses a button
individualistic vs collectivistdivide 4
Nature Nurturedebate
Betabias ignoresculturaldifferences heredityevolution environmentlearning
IQ tests imposed on non Westerners Interactionist view both nature nurture
Ethnocentrism judging others
byone's Support
own culturalnorms can lead to misdiagnosis diathesisstress genticvulnerability an
e g Ainsworth'sstrangesituation environmental trigger e.g schizophrenia
Emic vs Etic emic is culturespecific Maguire's taxidrivers experience can
etic isuniversal butmustavoidimposedetics shape the brain's structure
culturalawarenessisimprovingthrough epigenetics experiencesaffectgeneexpression
crossculturalresearchandcollaboration mutualinfluencebetterexplainsbehaviour
centricwhich botharedeterministic
is tergenstern
, 5 Holism us Reductionism 7 Ethical
implications ofresearch
Holism looks at whole systems Sociallysensitive research haspotential
Reductionism breaksdownbehaviour into consequences forparticipants or groups
parts biological environmental Examples Bowlby maternaldeprivation
Biologicalreductionism neurotransmitters Burt IQ Milgram'sstudy
and genes suchresearchcan challenge
Environmentalreductionism conditioning stereotypesandinformpolicy
Levelsofexplanation soci.at holistic x misuse e.geugenics showsthe
ffm needforresearcherresponsibility
Ef.mil Ethicscommittes use costbenefit
Holism provides a moreindepthexplanation analysis butoutcomes arehardto predict
butlackspracticalityandempiricalsupport
Reductionismis scientifically rigorousand
useful e.gdrugtreatments butmay
oversimplify complexhumanbehaviour
Idiographicvs Nomotheticapproaches
Idiographic focuseson individualscase
studies qualitativedata
Examples Freud humanism HMand
KF memory
Nomothetic aimstoproducegenerallaws
experiments quantitative data
Examples behaviourist biologicaland
cognitive research
Evaluation
Idiographic providesdepthandtheory
development butlacksgeneralisability
Nomothetic isscientificallycredablebut it
ignorespersonalexperiences
