Class Notes ANTH 1201

Standard terminology →
-​ Standard anatomical position
➔​ Forward facing with palms facing backward
-​ Superior
➔​ Above
-​ Inferior
➔​ Below
-​ Anterior
➔​ Forwards
-​ Posterior
➔​ Backwards
-​ Medial
➔​ Something towards the middle
-​ Lateral
➔​ Towards the side
-​ Proximal
➔​ How close
-​ Distal
➔​ How far
The musculoskeletal system includes bony and soft tissue
-​ Ligaments are tough connective tissues that connect bone to bone
-​ Cartilage is like the padding or protection from bone to bone, and structure to parts
of the body
-​ Tendons are bundles that connect muscle to bones
Bones connect or “articulate” with each other through different types of joints
-​ Synovial joints refer to a capsule or sack between the bones filled with synovial fluids,
lubricant for bone-to-bone
●​ Hinge
●​ Sella (saddle-shaped)
●​ Spheroidal
-​ Cartilaginous/Synchrondroses
-​ Fibrous
●​ Sutures
Human skeleton
-​ 206 bones in adults
-​ There are about 405 “ossification centers” at birth
-​ Skull
●​ 28 bones, many paired
-​ Postcranium
●​ Everything from the neck down
Bone biology
-​ Epiphysis head
●​ Articular cartilage
●​ Cancellous bone