BIO 235 (KOVACS) EXAM 1 LATEST
UPDATE 2025
how many chromosomes do most prokaryotes have? - ANSWER one
how many copies of their chromosome(s) do prokaryotes have? - ANSWER one
what organisms undergo binary fission? - ANSWER bacterial cells
why do bacterial chromosomes get replicated before the cell divides? - ANSWER so
each daughter cell receives one copy
do eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells require more genetic information? - ANSWER
eukaryotic
what is required in order to pass complements of chromosomes to the next generation?
- ANSWER a sorting mechanism
structures within living cells that contain the genetic material - ANSWER chromosome
what is the genetic material in chromosomes? - ANSWER DNA
what provides an organized structure in chromosomes? - ANSWER proteins
what is the DNA-protein complex called in eukaryotes? - ANSWER chromatin
what is the DNA-protein complex called in prokaryotes? - ANSWER nucleoid
the constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped
chromosome and the site where kinetochore is formed - ANSWER centromere
a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which
protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring
chromosomes - ANSWER telomere
a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated - ANSWER origins of
replication
a protein structure that forms on a chromatid during cell division and allows it to attach
to a spindle fiber on a chromosome - ANSWER kinetochore
members of a pair of chromosomes - ANSWER homologs
two homologs form what? - ANSWER homologous pair
, what are the similarities between two chromosomes in a homologous pair? - ANSWER
they are nearly identical in size, have the same banding pattern and centromere
location, and they have the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles
how many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have? - ANSWER two
how many sets of chromosomes do haploid cells have? - ANSWER one
an organized representation of the metaphase chromosomes within a diploid eukaryotic
cell - ANSWER karyotype
chromosomes that come in pairs (homologs) are called what? - ANSWER autosomes
are the sex chromosomes, X and Y, homologous and why? - ANSWER no because
they differ in size and genetic composition, but they do have regions of homology
why do eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis? - ANSWER to ensure that the daughter cells
receive one complete set of chromosomes (one copy of each chromosome)
what is the repeating pattern of cell growth followed by cell division called? - ANSWER
cell cycle
what are the phases G1, S, and G2 collectively called? - ANSWER interphase
during what phase in interphase does the cell grow in volume? - ANSWER G1
what is the name of the phase a cell is in when progression through the cell cycle is
postponed or when a cell decides to never divide again? (ex: nerve cells) - ANSWER
G0
what are the cells called who decide to never divide again? - ANSWER terminally
differentiated cells or post-mitotic cells
during what phase in interphase are the chromosomes replicated? - ANSWER S
two copies of a replicated chromosome - ANSWER chromatids
two copies of a replicated chromosome joined at the centromere - ANSWER sister
chromatids
during what phase in interphase does the cell accumulate the materials and molecular
machinery that are necessary for nuclear and cellular division? - ANSWER G2
UPDATE 2025
how many chromosomes do most prokaryotes have? - ANSWER one
how many copies of their chromosome(s) do prokaryotes have? - ANSWER one
what organisms undergo binary fission? - ANSWER bacterial cells
why do bacterial chromosomes get replicated before the cell divides? - ANSWER so
each daughter cell receives one copy
do eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells require more genetic information? - ANSWER
eukaryotic
what is required in order to pass complements of chromosomes to the next generation?
- ANSWER a sorting mechanism
structures within living cells that contain the genetic material - ANSWER chromosome
what is the genetic material in chromosomes? - ANSWER DNA
what provides an organized structure in chromosomes? - ANSWER proteins
what is the DNA-protein complex called in eukaryotes? - ANSWER chromatin
what is the DNA-protein complex called in prokaryotes? - ANSWER nucleoid
the constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped
chromosome and the site where kinetochore is formed - ANSWER centromere
a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which
protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring
chromosomes - ANSWER telomere
a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated - ANSWER origins of
replication
a protein structure that forms on a chromatid during cell division and allows it to attach
to a spindle fiber on a chromosome - ANSWER kinetochore
members of a pair of chromosomes - ANSWER homologs
two homologs form what? - ANSWER homologous pair
, what are the similarities between two chromosomes in a homologous pair? - ANSWER
they are nearly identical in size, have the same banding pattern and centromere
location, and they have the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles
how many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have? - ANSWER two
how many sets of chromosomes do haploid cells have? - ANSWER one
an organized representation of the metaphase chromosomes within a diploid eukaryotic
cell - ANSWER karyotype
chromosomes that come in pairs (homologs) are called what? - ANSWER autosomes
are the sex chromosomes, X and Y, homologous and why? - ANSWER no because
they differ in size and genetic composition, but they do have regions of homology
why do eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis? - ANSWER to ensure that the daughter cells
receive one complete set of chromosomes (one copy of each chromosome)
what is the repeating pattern of cell growth followed by cell division called? - ANSWER
cell cycle
what are the phases G1, S, and G2 collectively called? - ANSWER interphase
during what phase in interphase does the cell grow in volume? - ANSWER G1
what is the name of the phase a cell is in when progression through the cell cycle is
postponed or when a cell decides to never divide again? (ex: nerve cells) - ANSWER
G0
what are the cells called who decide to never divide again? - ANSWER terminally
differentiated cells or post-mitotic cells
during what phase in interphase are the chromosomes replicated? - ANSWER S
two copies of a replicated chromosome - ANSWER chromatids
two copies of a replicated chromosome joined at the centromere - ANSWER sister
chromatids
during what phase in interphase does the cell accumulate the materials and molecular
machinery that are necessary for nuclear and cellular division? - ANSWER G2
