CSP EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|
ACCURATE REAL EXAM WITH FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND RATIONALE|ALREADY A
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS|LATEST UPDATE 2025.
Virus - CORRECT ANSWER A malicious program that can copy itself and gain access
to a computer in an unauthorized way. Computer viruses often attach themselves to
legitimate programs and start running independently on a computer.
Caesar Cipher - CORRECT ANSWER A technique for encryption that shifts the
alphabet by some number of characters
Random Substitution - CORRECT ANSWER An encoding technique that maps each
letter of the alphabet randomly to different letters or characters.
Cipher - CORRECT ANSWER The generic term for a technique (or algorithm) that
performs encryption.
Cracking Encryption - CORRECT ANSWER When you attempt to decode a secret
message without knowing all the specifics of the cipher.
Computer Virus Scanning Software - CORRECT ANSWER Protects a computer
system against infection.
DDoS Attack - CORRECT ANSWER Hacker floods a server with numerous bogus
requests so that legitimate users can no longer access the server.
Certificate Authority (CA) - CORRECT ANSWER A trusted third-party agency that is
responsible for issuing digital certificates.
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) - CORRECT ANSWER A group of
regulations implemented by the European Union (EU) to protect personal data of EU
citizens.
Parameter - CORRECT ANSWER A variable in a function definition. Used as a
placeholder for values that will be passed through the function.
Argument - CORRECT ANSWER The value passed to the parameter of a function.
Return - CORRECT ANSWER Used to return the flow of control to the point where the
procedure (also known as a function) was called and to return the value of expression.
Procedural Abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER Identifying repetitive code statements
and placing them in one procedure that can be referenced by many objects
,Library - CORRECT ANSWER A group of functions (procedures) that may be used in
creating new programs.
API: Application Program Interface - CORRECT ANSWER Specifications for how
functions in a library behave and can be used.
Modularity - CORRECT ANSWER The subdivision of a computer program into
separate subprograms that are each responsible for one aspect of hte program's
functionality
Sequencing - CORRECT ANSWER The application of each step of an algorithm in the
order in which the code statements are given.
Selection - CORRECT ANSWER Determines which parts of an algorithm are executed
based on a condition being true or false.
Iteration - CORRECT ANSWER A repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a
specified number of times or until a given condition is met.
Algorithm - CORRECT ANSWER A step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a
specific problem or task
MOD operation - CORRECT ANSWER The remainder that is left after a number is
divided by another number.
Function - CORRECT ANSWER A named group of programming instructions. Also
referred to as a "procedure".
Function Call - CORRECT ANSWER A command that executes the code within a
function.
Conditional Statement - CORRECT ANSWER Affect the sequential flow of control by
executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression.
Heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a
satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or
impossible. Often used in AI, optimization problems, and decision-making processes
List - CORRECT ANSWER An ordered collection of elements.
Element - CORRECT ANSWER An individual value in a list that is assigned a unique
index.
Index - CORRECT ANSWER A common method for referencing the elements in a list
or string using numbers.
,Iteration - CORRECT ANSWER A repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a
specified number of times or until a given condition is met.
Infinite Loop - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when the ending condition will never
evaluate to true.
Traversal - CORRECT ANSWER The process of accessing each item in a list one at a
time.
Append - CORRECT ANSWER Add elements to the end of a list.
Data Abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER Manage complexity in programs by giving a
collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation,
so programmers can work with the information while ignoring lower-level details
Loops - CORRECT ANSWER Running the same sequence of code multiple times.
Logic Error - CORRECT ANSWER A mistake in the algorithm or program that causes it
to behave incorrectly or unexpectedly.
Simulation - CORRECT ANSWER Abstractions of more complex objects or
phenomena for a specific purpose.
Substring - CORRECT ANSWER Part of an existing string.
While Loop - CORRECT ANSWER A programming construct used to repeat a set of
commands as long as a boolean condition is true.
For Loop - CORRECT ANSWER Loops that have a predetermined beginning, end, and
increment (step interval).
Filter - CORRECT ANSWER Creating a subset of elements from an original list.
Reduce - CORRECT ANSWER Taking a list and reducing it down to a single element.
- CORRECT ANSWER
Citizen Science - CORRECT ANSWER scientific research conducted in whole or part
by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant
data to research using their own computing devices.
Cleaning Data - CORRECT ANSWER a process that makes the data uniform without
changing its meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, and
capitalizations with the same word).
, Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER a relationship between two pieces of data, typically
referring to the amount that one varies in relation to the other.
Crowdsourcing - CORRECT ANSWER the practice of obtaining input or information
from a large number of people via the Internet.
Information - CORRECT ANSWER the collection of facts and patterns extracted from
data
Data bias - CORRECT ANSWER data that does not accurately reflect the full
population or phenomenon being studied
Data filtering - CORRECT ANSWER choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for
analysis, for example by eliminating / keeping only certain rows in a table
Data set - CORRECT ANSWER a collection of related sets of information
Database - CORRECT ANSWER an organized collection of structured information, or
data, typically stored electronically in a computer system
Parallel systems - CORRECT ANSWER the simultaneous use of multiple computer
resources that can include a single computer with multiple processors
Bar graph - CORRECT ANSWER a diagram in which the numerical values of variables
are represented by the height or length of lines or rectangles of equal width
Histogram - CORRECT ANSWER a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is
proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval
Scatterplot - CORRECT ANSWER a graph in which the values of two variables are
plotted along two axes, the pattern of the resulting points revealing any correlation
present
Crosstab - CORRECT ANSWER a type of table in a matrix format that displays the
multivariate frequency distribution of the variables
Algorithm bias - CORRECT ANSWER systematic and repeatable errors in a computer
system that create "unfair" outcomes, such as "privileging" one category over another
Open data - CORRECT ANSWER data that is openly accessible, exploitable, editable
and shared by anyone for any purpose
Machine learning - CORRECT ANSWER a type of artificial intelligence that leverages
massive amounts of data so that computers can improve the accuracy of actions and
predictions on their own without additional programming.
ACCURATE REAL EXAM WITH FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND RATIONALE|ALREADY A
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS|LATEST UPDATE 2025.
Virus - CORRECT ANSWER A malicious program that can copy itself and gain access
to a computer in an unauthorized way. Computer viruses often attach themselves to
legitimate programs and start running independently on a computer.
Caesar Cipher - CORRECT ANSWER A technique for encryption that shifts the
alphabet by some number of characters
Random Substitution - CORRECT ANSWER An encoding technique that maps each
letter of the alphabet randomly to different letters or characters.
Cipher - CORRECT ANSWER The generic term for a technique (or algorithm) that
performs encryption.
Cracking Encryption - CORRECT ANSWER When you attempt to decode a secret
message without knowing all the specifics of the cipher.
Computer Virus Scanning Software - CORRECT ANSWER Protects a computer
system against infection.
DDoS Attack - CORRECT ANSWER Hacker floods a server with numerous bogus
requests so that legitimate users can no longer access the server.
Certificate Authority (CA) - CORRECT ANSWER A trusted third-party agency that is
responsible for issuing digital certificates.
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) - CORRECT ANSWER A group of
regulations implemented by the European Union (EU) to protect personal data of EU
citizens.
Parameter - CORRECT ANSWER A variable in a function definition. Used as a
placeholder for values that will be passed through the function.
Argument - CORRECT ANSWER The value passed to the parameter of a function.
Return - CORRECT ANSWER Used to return the flow of control to the point where the
procedure (also known as a function) was called and to return the value of expression.
Procedural Abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER Identifying repetitive code statements
and placing them in one procedure that can be referenced by many objects
,Library - CORRECT ANSWER A group of functions (procedures) that may be used in
creating new programs.
API: Application Program Interface - CORRECT ANSWER Specifications for how
functions in a library behave and can be used.
Modularity - CORRECT ANSWER The subdivision of a computer program into
separate subprograms that are each responsible for one aspect of hte program's
functionality
Sequencing - CORRECT ANSWER The application of each step of an algorithm in the
order in which the code statements are given.
Selection - CORRECT ANSWER Determines which parts of an algorithm are executed
based on a condition being true or false.
Iteration - CORRECT ANSWER A repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a
specified number of times or until a given condition is met.
Algorithm - CORRECT ANSWER A step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a
specific problem or task
MOD operation - CORRECT ANSWER The remainder that is left after a number is
divided by another number.
Function - CORRECT ANSWER A named group of programming instructions. Also
referred to as a "procedure".
Function Call - CORRECT ANSWER A command that executes the code within a
function.
Conditional Statement - CORRECT ANSWER Affect the sequential flow of control by
executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression.
Heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a
satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or
impossible. Often used in AI, optimization problems, and decision-making processes
List - CORRECT ANSWER An ordered collection of elements.
Element - CORRECT ANSWER An individual value in a list that is assigned a unique
index.
Index - CORRECT ANSWER A common method for referencing the elements in a list
or string using numbers.
,Iteration - CORRECT ANSWER A repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a
specified number of times or until a given condition is met.
Infinite Loop - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when the ending condition will never
evaluate to true.
Traversal - CORRECT ANSWER The process of accessing each item in a list one at a
time.
Append - CORRECT ANSWER Add elements to the end of a list.
Data Abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER Manage complexity in programs by giving a
collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation,
so programmers can work with the information while ignoring lower-level details
Loops - CORRECT ANSWER Running the same sequence of code multiple times.
Logic Error - CORRECT ANSWER A mistake in the algorithm or program that causes it
to behave incorrectly or unexpectedly.
Simulation - CORRECT ANSWER Abstractions of more complex objects or
phenomena for a specific purpose.
Substring - CORRECT ANSWER Part of an existing string.
While Loop - CORRECT ANSWER A programming construct used to repeat a set of
commands as long as a boolean condition is true.
For Loop - CORRECT ANSWER Loops that have a predetermined beginning, end, and
increment (step interval).
Filter - CORRECT ANSWER Creating a subset of elements from an original list.
Reduce - CORRECT ANSWER Taking a list and reducing it down to a single element.
- CORRECT ANSWER
Citizen Science - CORRECT ANSWER scientific research conducted in whole or part
by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant
data to research using their own computing devices.
Cleaning Data - CORRECT ANSWER a process that makes the data uniform without
changing its meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, and
capitalizations with the same word).
, Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER a relationship between two pieces of data, typically
referring to the amount that one varies in relation to the other.
Crowdsourcing - CORRECT ANSWER the practice of obtaining input or information
from a large number of people via the Internet.
Information - CORRECT ANSWER the collection of facts and patterns extracted from
data
Data bias - CORRECT ANSWER data that does not accurately reflect the full
population or phenomenon being studied
Data filtering - CORRECT ANSWER choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for
analysis, for example by eliminating / keeping only certain rows in a table
Data set - CORRECT ANSWER a collection of related sets of information
Database - CORRECT ANSWER an organized collection of structured information, or
data, typically stored electronically in a computer system
Parallel systems - CORRECT ANSWER the simultaneous use of multiple computer
resources that can include a single computer with multiple processors
Bar graph - CORRECT ANSWER a diagram in which the numerical values of variables
are represented by the height or length of lines or rectangles of equal width
Histogram - CORRECT ANSWER a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is
proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval
Scatterplot - CORRECT ANSWER a graph in which the values of two variables are
plotted along two axes, the pattern of the resulting points revealing any correlation
present
Crosstab - CORRECT ANSWER a type of table in a matrix format that displays the
multivariate frequency distribution of the variables
Algorithm bias - CORRECT ANSWER systematic and repeatable errors in a computer
system that create "unfair" outcomes, such as "privileging" one category over another
Open data - CORRECT ANSWER data that is openly accessible, exploitable, editable
and shared by anyone for any purpose
Machine learning - CORRECT ANSWER a type of artificial intelligence that leverages
massive amounts of data so that computers can improve the accuracy of actions and
predictions on their own without additional programming.
