Engage Fundamentals (Psychosocial
Concepts for Nursing Practice): Human
Growth and Development
A nurse is planning an educational session about human growth and development for a
group of clients who are pregnant. Which of the following universal principles should the
nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)
Rationale:
The cephalocaudal principle is correct. Human development follows a head-to-toe
progression. Infants gain control over their neck and head before their extremities.
Simple to complex is correct. Human development occurs in an orderly pattern from simple
to complex. Infants learn head control before crawling.
Continuous process is correct. Human development is a continuous process characterized
by periods of growth spurts and periods of slow and steady growth.
Individualized rates are correct. Human development varies from individual to individual.
Each has their own growth timetable and rate of development.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to parents of a preschooler who was admitted due to
a severe asthma exacerbation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
(Select all that apply.)
Rationale:
Instruct on the use of the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct. Asthma can be a
life-threatening condition. Proper management of asthma includes taking steps to avoid or
limit exacerbations, self-monitoring, assessment of manifestations, and how to properly use
the prescribed medications. Improper use of an MDI can result in a failure to control asthma
manifestations and is an important part of the discharge teaching when preparing the child's
parents for home care following discharge.
Have family members smoke tobacco products outside of the house is correct. Asthma can
be a life-threatening condition. Proper management of asthma includes taking steps to avoid
or limit exacerbations which can include exposure to triggers such as dust mites, pollen,
mold, pet dander, and second-hand smoke. Instructing family members and any visitors on
the importance of restricting smoking tobacco products to outside the child's home is an
important part of the discharge teaching when preparing the child's parents for home care
following discharge.
, Make changes in the home environment to reduce dust mites is correct. Asthma can be a
life-threatening condition. Proper management of asthma includes taking steps to avoid or
limit exacerbations which can include exposure to triggers such as pollen, mold, pet dander,
and dust mites. Instructing the family members on the importance of decreasing the
presence of dust-mites is an important part of the discharge teaching.
Share the plan for managing an asthma attack with the child's preschool teachers is correct.
Asthma can be a life-threatening condition. It is important for caregivers including family
members, teachers and others who have contact with the child to be aware of the child's
diagnosis of asthma as well as the manifestations of exacerbations and the treatment
measures should an exacerbation occur. Providing the parents with information to be shared
with the child's preschool teacher is an important part of the discharge teaching.
A school nurse asks a first grader about rules at school. The child responds, "We need to
wash our hands before lunch, be respectful to the teacher, and pay attention in class. If we
don't, we'll get into big trouble." The nurse should recognize that the child is in which of the
following of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
Punishment and Obedience
Rationale:
The Punishment and Obedience stage is a part of the first level of Kohlberg's moral
development theory, referred to as the preconventional reasoning level, and occurs in
children between the ages of 4 and 10 years. During the Punishment and Obedience stage,
rules are viewed in terms of positive or negative consequences to action. In the punishment
and obedience stage, rules are obeyed to avoid punishment. A child who is in the first grade
would be in this stage.
A nurse is providing an educational session on cognitive development at a community event.
Which of the following statements by the nurse are consistent with Piaget's theory of
cognitive development? (Select all that apply.)
Rationale:
"Individuals acquire knowledge, intellect, and cognition over time," is correct. Piaget believed
that cognitive development is based on how an individual acquires knowledge, intellect, and
cognition over time.
"Intelligence is a natural ability that develops as a child grows and adapts to their
environment," is correct. Piaget believed that intelligence is an inborn, natural ability that
develops as a child grows and adapts to their environment.
"Children construct knowledge that evolves and changes over time," is correct. Piaget
believed that children construct knowledge that evolves and changes over time.
Concepts for Nursing Practice): Human
Growth and Development
A nurse is planning an educational session about human growth and development for a
group of clients who are pregnant. Which of the following universal principles should the
nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)
Rationale:
The cephalocaudal principle is correct. Human development follows a head-to-toe
progression. Infants gain control over their neck and head before their extremities.
Simple to complex is correct. Human development occurs in an orderly pattern from simple
to complex. Infants learn head control before crawling.
Continuous process is correct. Human development is a continuous process characterized
by periods of growth spurts and periods of slow and steady growth.
Individualized rates are correct. Human development varies from individual to individual.
Each has their own growth timetable and rate of development.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to parents of a preschooler who was admitted due to
a severe asthma exacerbation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
(Select all that apply.)
Rationale:
Instruct on the use of the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct. Asthma can be a
life-threatening condition. Proper management of asthma includes taking steps to avoid or
limit exacerbations, self-monitoring, assessment of manifestations, and how to properly use
the prescribed medications. Improper use of an MDI can result in a failure to control asthma
manifestations and is an important part of the discharge teaching when preparing the child's
parents for home care following discharge.
Have family members smoke tobacco products outside of the house is correct. Asthma can
be a life-threatening condition. Proper management of asthma includes taking steps to avoid
or limit exacerbations which can include exposure to triggers such as dust mites, pollen,
mold, pet dander, and second-hand smoke. Instructing family members and any visitors on
the importance of restricting smoking tobacco products to outside the child's home is an
important part of the discharge teaching when preparing the child's parents for home care
following discharge.
, Make changes in the home environment to reduce dust mites is correct. Asthma can be a
life-threatening condition. Proper management of asthma includes taking steps to avoid or
limit exacerbations which can include exposure to triggers such as pollen, mold, pet dander,
and dust mites. Instructing the family members on the importance of decreasing the
presence of dust-mites is an important part of the discharge teaching.
Share the plan for managing an asthma attack with the child's preschool teachers is correct.
Asthma can be a life-threatening condition. It is important for caregivers including family
members, teachers and others who have contact with the child to be aware of the child's
diagnosis of asthma as well as the manifestations of exacerbations and the treatment
measures should an exacerbation occur. Providing the parents with information to be shared
with the child's preschool teacher is an important part of the discharge teaching.
A school nurse asks a first grader about rules at school. The child responds, "We need to
wash our hands before lunch, be respectful to the teacher, and pay attention in class. If we
don't, we'll get into big trouble." The nurse should recognize that the child is in which of the
following of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
Punishment and Obedience
Rationale:
The Punishment and Obedience stage is a part of the first level of Kohlberg's moral
development theory, referred to as the preconventional reasoning level, and occurs in
children between the ages of 4 and 10 years. During the Punishment and Obedience stage,
rules are viewed in terms of positive or negative consequences to action. In the punishment
and obedience stage, rules are obeyed to avoid punishment. A child who is in the first grade
would be in this stage.
A nurse is providing an educational session on cognitive development at a community event.
Which of the following statements by the nurse are consistent with Piaget's theory of
cognitive development? (Select all that apply.)
Rationale:
"Individuals acquire knowledge, intellect, and cognition over time," is correct. Piaget believed
that cognitive development is based on how an individual acquires knowledge, intellect, and
cognition over time.
"Intelligence is a natural ability that develops as a child grows and adapts to their
environment," is correct. Piaget believed that intelligence is an inborn, natural ability that
develops as a child grows and adapts to their environment.
"Children construct knowledge that evolves and changes over time," is correct. Piaget
believed that children construct knowledge that evolves and changes over time.
