A People and A Nation Chapter 1 With
Complete Solution 2025 Update
three sisters - maize (corn), squash, beans
Ancient America - 11,500 years ago, Paleo-Indians: hunter-gatherers--> turned agricultural; traded with
others but stayed independent; create other cultures; collapsed when reached limit of food supply
Mesoamericans - 4,000 years ago Olmecs: Yucatan Peninsula
Teotihuacan and Mayas
Teotihuacan - (MA) 300 BCE: one of largest urban areas in world; prized obsidian (for knives and
mirrors), impressive pyramids and temple of Quetzalcoatl that attracted pilgrims
Mayas - (MA): tall pyramids and temples; studied astronomy; created writing system; cities fought, lack
of food: collapsed in 900 CE
Pueblos (Hohokam and Mogollan) - combined hunter-gathering and agriculture; arid region,
unpredictable rainfall kept them migrating; 900-1150 CE: built Great Houses; traded turquoise
Missisipians - peak: 11-12 centuries CE; sun-worshippers (Cahokia: City of Sun) accurate calendar using
woodhenge; Monks Mound= main pyramid; organized hierarchically; maize, squash, nuts, pumpkins,
and venison for food
Aztecs - twelfth century: settled on island city when saw symbol of Quetzalcoatl; Huitzilopochtli=
primary god; Montezuma: chief; believed trade and land ownership was more valuable than gold of
silver; strictly stratified society that was hereditary, consisting of warriors, merchants, priests,
commoners, and slaves; conquered neighbors to sacrifice textiles, foodstuffs, and humans; believed in
"Fifth Sun"; flowery wars= sacrificed humans
North America in 1492 - Algonian/Iroquoian were language groups; adopted nomadic, hunter-gatherer,
or agricultural lifestyles depending on climates; feathered tobacco pipe was symbol of friendship
Gender Division in North America - Women carried belongings and handled food and clothing; men
hunted deer and buffalo; older youths learned skills from their same-sex parent; families could be
matrilineal or patrilineal
Iroquois vs Pueblos politics - Iroquois had political hierarchy while nomadic Pueblos had no ties between
villages
American religion - polytheistic; depending on focus on subsistence, favored one or the other god
Berbers - Muslims in north along Mediterranean Sea
Complete Solution 2025 Update
three sisters - maize (corn), squash, beans
Ancient America - 11,500 years ago, Paleo-Indians: hunter-gatherers--> turned agricultural; traded with
others but stayed independent; create other cultures; collapsed when reached limit of food supply
Mesoamericans - 4,000 years ago Olmecs: Yucatan Peninsula
Teotihuacan and Mayas
Teotihuacan - (MA) 300 BCE: one of largest urban areas in world; prized obsidian (for knives and
mirrors), impressive pyramids and temple of Quetzalcoatl that attracted pilgrims
Mayas - (MA): tall pyramids and temples; studied astronomy; created writing system; cities fought, lack
of food: collapsed in 900 CE
Pueblos (Hohokam and Mogollan) - combined hunter-gathering and agriculture; arid region,
unpredictable rainfall kept them migrating; 900-1150 CE: built Great Houses; traded turquoise
Missisipians - peak: 11-12 centuries CE; sun-worshippers (Cahokia: City of Sun) accurate calendar using
woodhenge; Monks Mound= main pyramid; organized hierarchically; maize, squash, nuts, pumpkins,
and venison for food
Aztecs - twelfth century: settled on island city when saw symbol of Quetzalcoatl; Huitzilopochtli=
primary god; Montezuma: chief; believed trade and land ownership was more valuable than gold of
silver; strictly stratified society that was hereditary, consisting of warriors, merchants, priests,
commoners, and slaves; conquered neighbors to sacrifice textiles, foodstuffs, and humans; believed in
"Fifth Sun"; flowery wars= sacrificed humans
North America in 1492 - Algonian/Iroquoian were language groups; adopted nomadic, hunter-gatherer,
or agricultural lifestyles depending on climates; feathered tobacco pipe was symbol of friendship
Gender Division in North America - Women carried belongings and handled food and clothing; men
hunted deer and buffalo; older youths learned skills from their same-sex parent; families could be
matrilineal or patrilineal
Iroquois vs Pueblos politics - Iroquois had political hierarchy while nomadic Pueblos had no ties between
villages
American religion - polytheistic; depending on focus on subsistence, favored one or the other god
Berbers - Muslims in north along Mediterranean Sea
