NUSC 2200 Exam 2 questions with
complete solutions A+ rated
When (year) did the rates of breastfeeding finally increased? - correct answer ✔✔1990
What is the optimal duration of breast-feeding? Exclusive and with solid foods? - correct answer
✔✔• AAP/ADA/U.S. Surgeon General: Exclusively 6 months and at least a year
• WHO: Exclusively for 6 months, then until 2 years
What are the functional units of the mammary glands? - correct answer ✔✔• Alveoli in
mammary glands are the functional units
• Each is composed of secretory cells with a duct in the center
• Myoepithelial cells, lining the alveoli, contract during letdown causing milk ejection
• Milk is stored in lactiferous sinuses
What is the hormone that is involved in the production of milk? - correct answer ✔✔Prolactin
What is the hormone involved in the ejection of milk (let down) from the myopithelial cells? -
correct answer ✔✔Oxytocin
Define the 3 stages of lactogenesis and when do they begin? - correct answer ✔✔•
Lactogenesis I (3rd trimester) milk formation begins
,• Lactogenesis II—(begins 2-5 days after birth) increased blood flow to breast; milk "comes in"
• Lactogenesis III—(begins at ~10 day after birth) milk composition is stable
What is the statement of the World Health Organization (WHO) related to breastfeeding? -
correct answer ✔✔Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to
achieve optimal growth, development and health
Definition of Colostrum - correct answer ✔✔• The first milk secreted during the first few days
postpartum
• Very high in proteins
- Ex:secretory IgA & lactoferrin
Two main differences between colostrum and mature milk - correct answer ✔✔Colostrum has
lower calories but is higher total protein than mature milk
What is the contribution of fat Calories in human milk? - correct answer ✔✔• Essential for
retinal development
• Associated with higher IQ scores
Why is important that the breast milk is high in cholesterol? - correct answer ✔✔Early
consumption of cholesterol through breast milk appears to be related to lower blood
cholesterol levels later in life
How do proteins in human milk compare to those in cow's milk? - correct answer ✔✔Total
proteins are lower in human milk than in cow's milk
, (0.32 vs 0.98 g/oz)
What is the main carbohydrate in breast milk? - correct answer ✔✔Lactose, which enhances
calcium absorption
What important vitamins are in breast milk? - correct answer ✔✔• Folate
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin K
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin B12
When would there be a concern of not enough Vitamin E and/or Vitamin K in breast milk? -
correct answer ✔✔• Concerns: poor transfer in womb, sterile gut, immature liver, low in breast
milk
Minerals in breastmilk have high bioavailability. How is this important in the case of iron? -
correct answer ✔✔Exclusively breastfed infants have very low risk of anemia despite low iron
content of human milk
Name 3 main differences between human and cow's milk - correct answer ✔✔Human Milk:
• Calcium - 10 mg
• Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid - 1.5 mg
• Cholesterol - 4 mg
Cow's Milk:
• Calcium -34 mg
• Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid - 0 mg
complete solutions A+ rated
When (year) did the rates of breastfeeding finally increased? - correct answer ✔✔1990
What is the optimal duration of breast-feeding? Exclusive and with solid foods? - correct answer
✔✔• AAP/ADA/U.S. Surgeon General: Exclusively 6 months and at least a year
• WHO: Exclusively for 6 months, then until 2 years
What are the functional units of the mammary glands? - correct answer ✔✔• Alveoli in
mammary glands are the functional units
• Each is composed of secretory cells with a duct in the center
• Myoepithelial cells, lining the alveoli, contract during letdown causing milk ejection
• Milk is stored in lactiferous sinuses
What is the hormone that is involved in the production of milk? - correct answer ✔✔Prolactin
What is the hormone involved in the ejection of milk (let down) from the myopithelial cells? -
correct answer ✔✔Oxytocin
Define the 3 stages of lactogenesis and when do they begin? - correct answer ✔✔•
Lactogenesis I (3rd trimester) milk formation begins
,• Lactogenesis II—(begins 2-5 days after birth) increased blood flow to breast; milk "comes in"
• Lactogenesis III—(begins at ~10 day after birth) milk composition is stable
What is the statement of the World Health Organization (WHO) related to breastfeeding? -
correct answer ✔✔Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to
achieve optimal growth, development and health
Definition of Colostrum - correct answer ✔✔• The first milk secreted during the first few days
postpartum
• Very high in proteins
- Ex:secretory IgA & lactoferrin
Two main differences between colostrum and mature milk - correct answer ✔✔Colostrum has
lower calories but is higher total protein than mature milk
What is the contribution of fat Calories in human milk? - correct answer ✔✔• Essential for
retinal development
• Associated with higher IQ scores
Why is important that the breast milk is high in cholesterol? - correct answer ✔✔Early
consumption of cholesterol through breast milk appears to be related to lower blood
cholesterol levels later in life
How do proteins in human milk compare to those in cow's milk? - correct answer ✔✔Total
proteins are lower in human milk than in cow's milk
, (0.32 vs 0.98 g/oz)
What is the main carbohydrate in breast milk? - correct answer ✔✔Lactose, which enhances
calcium absorption
What important vitamins are in breast milk? - correct answer ✔✔• Folate
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin K
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin B12
When would there be a concern of not enough Vitamin E and/or Vitamin K in breast milk? -
correct answer ✔✔• Concerns: poor transfer in womb, sterile gut, immature liver, low in breast
milk
Minerals in breastmilk have high bioavailability. How is this important in the case of iron? -
correct answer ✔✔Exclusively breastfed infants have very low risk of anemia despite low iron
content of human milk
Name 3 main differences between human and cow's milk - correct answer ✔✔Human Milk:
• Calcium - 10 mg
• Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid - 1.5 mg
• Cholesterol - 4 mg
Cow's Milk:
• Calcium -34 mg
• Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid - 0 mg
