Introduction to Nutrition and Diet
Therapies questions with solutions
What is the role of diet in therapy for disease states? ✅✅Diet complements and can
even replace drug therapy in some cases.
What are the basic components of therapeutic diets? ✅✅Water, carbohydrate, fiber,
protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and other substances such as alcohol.
What is a fluid-modified diet used for? ✅✅To restrict fluid intake for treating heart or
kidney disease.
What dietary modifications are used for diabetes management? ✅✅Carbohydrate-
modified diets.
What is the purpose of a protein-modified diet for chronic kidney disease? ✅✅Low
protein for unstressed patients; high protein for stressed patients.
What is the dietary approach for treating hypercholesterolemia? ✅✅Low total and
saturated fat diet.
What does a mineral-modified diet entail for kidney disease? ✅✅Low sodium,
potassium, and phosphorus.
What type of diet is recommended for patients without teeth? ✅✅Soft diets.
What is the focus of a pre-surgery diet? ✅✅Typically high in protein and low in
carbohydrates to reduce bleeding and promote healing.
What are the goals of perioperative nutrition support? ✅✅Decrease surgical mortality,
complications, and infection; restore anabolism; support the patient; decrease hospital
stay; speed recovery; ensure prompt return of GI function.
How long should preoperative specialized nutrition support be given? ✅✅For 7-14
days to moderately or severely malnourished patients undergoing major surgery.
When should postoperative nutrition support be administered? ✅✅To patients
expected to be unable to meet nutrient needs orally for 7-10 days.
, What does NPO stand for in a postoperative context? ✅✅Nothing by mouth.
What factors influence how long a patient can remain NPO after surgery?
✅✅Severity of operative stress, patient's pre-existing nutritional status, and nature
and severity of illness.
How long can well-nourished patients typically tolerate starvation post-surgery?
✅✅Up to 10 days without medical complications.
What is the dietary recommendation for moderately or severely malnourished patients
post-surgery? ✅✅They usually require nutritional support earlier than well-nourished
patients.
What is Parenteral Nutrition (PN)? ✅✅A method of supplying nutrients via the veins,
also termed hyperalimentation.
What are the two types of Parenteral Nutrition? ✅✅Partial Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)
and Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), depending on the client's nutritional needs.
What nutrients does Parenteral Nutrition supply? ✅✅Carbohydrates (dextrose), fats
(emulsified), proteins (amino acids), vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and water.
What is the purpose of Parenteral Nutrition? ✅✅To prevent subcutaneous fat and
muscle protein from being catabolized for energy.
Why are PN solutions considered hypertonic? ✅✅Due to higher concentrations of
glucose and the addition of amino acids.
Who may benefit from Parenteral Nutrition? ✅✅Clients with dysfunctional
gastrointestinal tracts, severe nutrient deficiencies, or those unable to meet nutritional
needs orally.
What are the components of Parenteral Nutrition? ✅✅Carbohydrates, amino acids,
fat emulsion, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water, regular insulin, and heparin.
What is Enteral Nutrition? ✅✅Also called tube feeding, it is a liquid mixture of all
needed nutrients delivered through a tube in the stomach or small intestine.
When is Enteral Nutrition preferred? ✅✅When a patient is unable to swallow or take
in nutrients orally but has a functioning GI tract.
What are the indications for Enteral Nutrition? ✅✅Functional GI tract, inability to
consume adequate nutrition, not meeting >75% of needs orally, malnourished patients
unable to eat for >5-7 days.
Therapies questions with solutions
What is the role of diet in therapy for disease states? ✅✅Diet complements and can
even replace drug therapy in some cases.
What are the basic components of therapeutic diets? ✅✅Water, carbohydrate, fiber,
protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and other substances such as alcohol.
What is a fluid-modified diet used for? ✅✅To restrict fluid intake for treating heart or
kidney disease.
What dietary modifications are used for diabetes management? ✅✅Carbohydrate-
modified diets.
What is the purpose of a protein-modified diet for chronic kidney disease? ✅✅Low
protein for unstressed patients; high protein for stressed patients.
What is the dietary approach for treating hypercholesterolemia? ✅✅Low total and
saturated fat diet.
What does a mineral-modified diet entail for kidney disease? ✅✅Low sodium,
potassium, and phosphorus.
What type of diet is recommended for patients without teeth? ✅✅Soft diets.
What is the focus of a pre-surgery diet? ✅✅Typically high in protein and low in
carbohydrates to reduce bleeding and promote healing.
What are the goals of perioperative nutrition support? ✅✅Decrease surgical mortality,
complications, and infection; restore anabolism; support the patient; decrease hospital
stay; speed recovery; ensure prompt return of GI function.
How long should preoperative specialized nutrition support be given? ✅✅For 7-14
days to moderately or severely malnourished patients undergoing major surgery.
When should postoperative nutrition support be administered? ✅✅To patients
expected to be unable to meet nutrient needs orally for 7-10 days.
, What does NPO stand for in a postoperative context? ✅✅Nothing by mouth.
What factors influence how long a patient can remain NPO after surgery?
✅✅Severity of operative stress, patient's pre-existing nutritional status, and nature
and severity of illness.
How long can well-nourished patients typically tolerate starvation post-surgery?
✅✅Up to 10 days without medical complications.
What is the dietary recommendation for moderately or severely malnourished patients
post-surgery? ✅✅They usually require nutritional support earlier than well-nourished
patients.
What is Parenteral Nutrition (PN)? ✅✅A method of supplying nutrients via the veins,
also termed hyperalimentation.
What are the two types of Parenteral Nutrition? ✅✅Partial Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)
and Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), depending on the client's nutritional needs.
What nutrients does Parenteral Nutrition supply? ✅✅Carbohydrates (dextrose), fats
(emulsified), proteins (amino acids), vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and water.
What is the purpose of Parenteral Nutrition? ✅✅To prevent subcutaneous fat and
muscle protein from being catabolized for energy.
Why are PN solutions considered hypertonic? ✅✅Due to higher concentrations of
glucose and the addition of amino acids.
Who may benefit from Parenteral Nutrition? ✅✅Clients with dysfunctional
gastrointestinal tracts, severe nutrient deficiencies, or those unable to meet nutritional
needs orally.
What are the components of Parenteral Nutrition? ✅✅Carbohydrates, amino acids,
fat emulsion, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water, regular insulin, and heparin.
What is Enteral Nutrition? ✅✅Also called tube feeding, it is a liquid mixture of all
needed nutrients delivered through a tube in the stomach or small intestine.
When is Enteral Nutrition preferred? ✅✅When a patient is unable to swallow or take
in nutrients orally but has a functioning GI tract.
What are the indications for Enteral Nutrition? ✅✅Functional GI tract, inability to
consume adequate nutrition, not meeting >75% of needs orally, malnourished patients
unable to eat for >5-7 days.
