Introduction to Nutrition and Diet
Therapy with solutions
NUTRITION ✅✅Science of food, nutrients and how our body uses it
FOOD ✅✅Any substance when taken into the body nourishes the body, gives
energy, builds and repairs tissues, and regulates body processes; derived from plant
and animal sources
NUTRIENTS ✅✅Chemical components of foods needed by the body to function well
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT ✅✅Nutrients that can be obtained from food because the
body cannot synthesize it at the right amounts
HEALTH ✅✅State of complete well being
DIET ✅✅Pattern of food and drink taken from day to day; affected by nutrient needs,
culture, and purchasing power
BALANCED DIET ✅✅A diet that provides the recommended intake of all the nutrients
and a wide variety of foods
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT ✅✅A comprehensive approach to determine a
person's nutritional status
NUTRITIONAL STATUS ✅✅Condition of the body that results from the utilization of
the nutrients of the body
MALNUTRITION ✅✅Condition that results from inadequate or excessive energy
available to the body for a prolonged period of time
UNDERNUTRITION ✅✅Condition that results from inadequate energy available to
the body for a prolonged period of time
OVERNUTRITION ✅✅Condition that results from excessive amounts of energy
available to the body for a prolonged period of time
ERAS OF NUTRITION ✅✅Historical periods delineating the understanding and study
of nutrition
MACRONUTRIENTS ✅✅Nutrients needed by the body in relatively large quantities,
including carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
, MICRONUTRIENTS ✅✅Nutrients needed by the body in very small quantities,
including vitamins and minerals
CARBOHYDRATES ✅✅Macronutrients arranged as monosaccharides or multiple
monosaccharides, providing energy and structural benefits
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES ✅✅Basic sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose,
as well as disaccharides like sucrose, lactose, and maltose
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES ✅✅Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides like
starch, glycogen, dietary fiber, and dextrin, providing sustained energy and fiber
STARCH ✅✅Plant polysaccharide stored in plant cells and grains, providing a rich
source of carbohydrates
GLYCOGEN ✅✅Highly branched animal polysaccharide stored in the liver and
muscles, providing immediate fuel for muscle action
DIETARY FIBER ✅✅Crude fiber from plants that aids in digestion, water absorption,
and gut health
SOLUBLE FIBER ✅✅Fiber that delays glucose absorption, lowers blood cholesterol,
and increases fecal weight
INSOLUBLE FIBER ✅✅Fiber that accelerates transit, slows starch hydrolysis, and
increases fecal weight
CARBOHYDRATES: Digestion ✅✅Process of breaking down carbohydrates in the
mouth, pancreas, and intestines for absorption
CARBOHYDRATES: Absorption ✅✅Process of absorbing glucose, galactose, and
fructose in the body, facilitated by insulin
CARBOHYDRATES: Metabolism ✅✅Process of utilizing carbohydrates for energy
production and bodily functions
Insulin ✅✅Hormone facilitating glucose entry into cells, except brain and liver.
Glycogenesis ✅✅Synthesis of glycogen from glucose in liver or muscles.
Glycogenolysis ✅✅Breakdown of glycogen to form glucose.
Gluconeogenesis ✅✅Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Therapy with solutions
NUTRITION ✅✅Science of food, nutrients and how our body uses it
FOOD ✅✅Any substance when taken into the body nourishes the body, gives
energy, builds and repairs tissues, and regulates body processes; derived from plant
and animal sources
NUTRIENTS ✅✅Chemical components of foods needed by the body to function well
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT ✅✅Nutrients that can be obtained from food because the
body cannot synthesize it at the right amounts
HEALTH ✅✅State of complete well being
DIET ✅✅Pattern of food and drink taken from day to day; affected by nutrient needs,
culture, and purchasing power
BALANCED DIET ✅✅A diet that provides the recommended intake of all the nutrients
and a wide variety of foods
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT ✅✅A comprehensive approach to determine a
person's nutritional status
NUTRITIONAL STATUS ✅✅Condition of the body that results from the utilization of
the nutrients of the body
MALNUTRITION ✅✅Condition that results from inadequate or excessive energy
available to the body for a prolonged period of time
UNDERNUTRITION ✅✅Condition that results from inadequate energy available to
the body for a prolonged period of time
OVERNUTRITION ✅✅Condition that results from excessive amounts of energy
available to the body for a prolonged period of time
ERAS OF NUTRITION ✅✅Historical periods delineating the understanding and study
of nutrition
MACRONUTRIENTS ✅✅Nutrients needed by the body in relatively large quantities,
including carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
, MICRONUTRIENTS ✅✅Nutrients needed by the body in very small quantities,
including vitamins and minerals
CARBOHYDRATES ✅✅Macronutrients arranged as monosaccharides or multiple
monosaccharides, providing energy and structural benefits
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES ✅✅Basic sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose,
as well as disaccharides like sucrose, lactose, and maltose
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES ✅✅Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides like
starch, glycogen, dietary fiber, and dextrin, providing sustained energy and fiber
STARCH ✅✅Plant polysaccharide stored in plant cells and grains, providing a rich
source of carbohydrates
GLYCOGEN ✅✅Highly branched animal polysaccharide stored in the liver and
muscles, providing immediate fuel for muscle action
DIETARY FIBER ✅✅Crude fiber from plants that aids in digestion, water absorption,
and gut health
SOLUBLE FIBER ✅✅Fiber that delays glucose absorption, lowers blood cholesterol,
and increases fecal weight
INSOLUBLE FIBER ✅✅Fiber that accelerates transit, slows starch hydrolysis, and
increases fecal weight
CARBOHYDRATES: Digestion ✅✅Process of breaking down carbohydrates in the
mouth, pancreas, and intestines for absorption
CARBOHYDRATES: Absorption ✅✅Process of absorbing glucose, galactose, and
fructose in the body, facilitated by insulin
CARBOHYDRATES: Metabolism ✅✅Process of utilizing carbohydrates for energy
production and bodily functions
Insulin ✅✅Hormone facilitating glucose entry into cells, except brain and liver.
Glycogenesis ✅✅Synthesis of glycogen from glucose in liver or muscles.
Glycogenolysis ✅✅Breakdown of glycogen to form glucose.
Gluconeogenesis ✅✅Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
