PSY 140 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE || WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
Frederick is reading about the ways in which learning can be influenced by different factors. He
come to reasonable conclusions that are supported by the information he gathers. What is
Frederick doing? correct answers critical thinking
Jacob's father thinks he was born to be a skilled ice-skater just like his mother and older sister,
but Jacob's mother thinks that his skills and interests come from growing up in a household full
of skaters. What long-standing debate is at the heart of the disagreement between Jacob's
parents? correct answers the nature/nurture
Josiah has formed a theory that consumption of sugar makes it difficult for people to fall asleep
within one hour. He has designed a study where his hypothesis is that the more sugar people eat,
the longer it will take before they can go to sleep. What should Josiah do next? correct answers
test his hypothesis
Judith is conducting an experiment on mood and problem solving. She plans to have study
participants read either a funny story or a sad story before taking a math test. What is the
dependent variable in Judith's study? correct answers the number of math problems participants
correctly solved
Kerrie is an undergraduate who is thinking about majoring in psychology. She also works part-
time, and she is very interested in how her company builds morale and helps motivate her
coworkers. What subfield of psychology might Kerrie want to examine more closely? correct
answers organizational psychology
Louisa is writing an essay that discusses the concept of dualism, which says that the mind and
body are separate but connected parts of a person. Which philosopher's writings should Louisa
pay special attention to? correct answers Descartes
,psychologists are scientists who study behavior and mental processes through observation and
measurement. What is this approach to understanding psychology called? correct answers
empiricism
psychologists from which school of thought are concerned with functions that behaviorism
cannot explain, such as intelligence and problem solving? correct answers cognitive psychology
which level of analysis in psychology examines the differences that exist between people in
personality and mental processes that affect perception and understanding? correct answers
individual level
three key questions to ask when thinking critically correct answers 1. What am I being asked to
believe or accept?
2. What evidence is provided to support this claim?
3. What are the most reasonable conclusions?
ethical research guidelines correct answers 1. research must be reviewed and approved by a
board of experts before.
2. participants' information must be protected and made available only to the few people who
need it.
3. cannot ask participants to expose themselves to unnecessary risk or discomfort as part of a
study.
which psychological school of thought arose from Freud's attempts to understand connections
between psychology and physical conditions? correct answers psychoanalytic theory
which psychological school of thought focused on hoe to study subjective perspectives as a
unified whole? correct answers gestalt psychology
which research scenario would be most relevant to interpersonal behavior researchers, who work
at the social level of analysis? correct answers tawny's boyfriend does not treat her very well, but
, every time she comes close to breaking up with him, he persuades her to give him another
chance.
You see a newspaper headline that claims that eating pizza is deadly. However, when you read
the original scientific article cited in the news, you notice that investigators only found a
correlation between pizza consumption and death over a 10-year period. Given what you know
about correlation, how would you explain this relationship? correct answers pizza consumption
and death are related somehow, but a correlation study is not able to reveal any kind of casual
relationship
After a very stressful midterm exam, Sherri needed to relax. As she lay on her bed, she felt her
breathing slow and her heart rate decrease. Which of the following divisions of Sherri's
autonomic nervous system was likely in control of her organs? correct answers parasympathetic
After her car accident, Sheila had to be placed on a respirator because she could no longer
breathe on her own. Sheila's injuries were most likely located in the part of the brain known as
the correct answers medulla
Angela accidently ingested an acetylcholine antagonist. Which of the following statements
accurately describes the most likely effect of the drug? correct answers the drug may cause
deficits in Angela's memory
Daiyo, a behavioral geneticist, is studying the interaction of heredity and environment. When he
looks at monozygotic twins, what will he probably see in their phenotypes? correct answers their
genotypes will predispose them toward certain traits, but their environments influence whether
those traits are expressed in their phenotypes
Ebony is currently asleep in her bed, and her brain is getting ready to wake her up to start the
day. Which part of her hindbrain is responsible for regulating these functions, as well as
coordinating movement in the left and right sides of her body? correct answers pons
SOLUTION.
Frederick is reading about the ways in which learning can be influenced by different factors. He
come to reasonable conclusions that are supported by the information he gathers. What is
Frederick doing? correct answers critical thinking
Jacob's father thinks he was born to be a skilled ice-skater just like his mother and older sister,
but Jacob's mother thinks that his skills and interests come from growing up in a household full
of skaters. What long-standing debate is at the heart of the disagreement between Jacob's
parents? correct answers the nature/nurture
Josiah has formed a theory that consumption of sugar makes it difficult for people to fall asleep
within one hour. He has designed a study where his hypothesis is that the more sugar people eat,
the longer it will take before they can go to sleep. What should Josiah do next? correct answers
test his hypothesis
Judith is conducting an experiment on mood and problem solving. She plans to have study
participants read either a funny story or a sad story before taking a math test. What is the
dependent variable in Judith's study? correct answers the number of math problems participants
correctly solved
Kerrie is an undergraduate who is thinking about majoring in psychology. She also works part-
time, and she is very interested in how her company builds morale and helps motivate her
coworkers. What subfield of psychology might Kerrie want to examine more closely? correct
answers organizational psychology
Louisa is writing an essay that discusses the concept of dualism, which says that the mind and
body are separate but connected parts of a person. Which philosopher's writings should Louisa
pay special attention to? correct answers Descartes
,psychologists are scientists who study behavior and mental processes through observation and
measurement. What is this approach to understanding psychology called? correct answers
empiricism
psychologists from which school of thought are concerned with functions that behaviorism
cannot explain, such as intelligence and problem solving? correct answers cognitive psychology
which level of analysis in psychology examines the differences that exist between people in
personality and mental processes that affect perception and understanding? correct answers
individual level
three key questions to ask when thinking critically correct answers 1. What am I being asked to
believe or accept?
2. What evidence is provided to support this claim?
3. What are the most reasonable conclusions?
ethical research guidelines correct answers 1. research must be reviewed and approved by a
board of experts before.
2. participants' information must be protected and made available only to the few people who
need it.
3. cannot ask participants to expose themselves to unnecessary risk or discomfort as part of a
study.
which psychological school of thought arose from Freud's attempts to understand connections
between psychology and physical conditions? correct answers psychoanalytic theory
which psychological school of thought focused on hoe to study subjective perspectives as a
unified whole? correct answers gestalt psychology
which research scenario would be most relevant to interpersonal behavior researchers, who work
at the social level of analysis? correct answers tawny's boyfriend does not treat her very well, but
, every time she comes close to breaking up with him, he persuades her to give him another
chance.
You see a newspaper headline that claims that eating pizza is deadly. However, when you read
the original scientific article cited in the news, you notice that investigators only found a
correlation between pizza consumption and death over a 10-year period. Given what you know
about correlation, how would you explain this relationship? correct answers pizza consumption
and death are related somehow, but a correlation study is not able to reveal any kind of casual
relationship
After a very stressful midterm exam, Sherri needed to relax. As she lay on her bed, she felt her
breathing slow and her heart rate decrease. Which of the following divisions of Sherri's
autonomic nervous system was likely in control of her organs? correct answers parasympathetic
After her car accident, Sheila had to be placed on a respirator because she could no longer
breathe on her own. Sheila's injuries were most likely located in the part of the brain known as
the correct answers medulla
Angela accidently ingested an acetylcholine antagonist. Which of the following statements
accurately describes the most likely effect of the drug? correct answers the drug may cause
deficits in Angela's memory
Daiyo, a behavioral geneticist, is studying the interaction of heredity and environment. When he
looks at monozygotic twins, what will he probably see in their phenotypes? correct answers their
genotypes will predispose them toward certain traits, but their environments influence whether
those traits are expressed in their phenotypes
Ebony is currently asleep in her bed, and her brain is getting ready to wake her up to start the
day. Which part of her hindbrain is responsible for regulating these functions, as well as
coordinating movement in the left and right sides of her body? correct answers pons
