Biol 3040 Test 3 Questions And Already
Passed Answers Rated A+ 2025.
most things reproduce ___________ - Answer sexually
sexual reproduction - Answer combination of parental gametes to form genetically unique
individuals
asexual reproduction - Answer parent is cloned, so that parent and offspring are genetically
identical
hermaphrodites - Answer individuals produce both male and female gametes
gonochorists - Answer individuals produce only male or female gametes
do hermaphrodites and gonochorists carry eggs? - Answer yes
mechanisms of sexual reproduction are ____________ - Answer diverse
(ex. penis-fencing flatworm--they have both male and female sex organs; when mating, they
have to decide who plays what role; fights because producing offspring takes a lot of energy;
father gets to leave, mother absorbs sperm and has to work harder to find food)
examples of asexual reproduction - Answer fission, budding, parthenogenesis
benefits of asexual reproduction - Answer no need to find a mate, everyone reproduces, pass
on all of genes
how is genetic material shuffled in sexual reproduction - Answer recombination
costs of sex - Answer 1) sex can be dangerous (you have to have benefit that outweighs cost)
2) finding a mate (a good male is hard to find)
3) risk of disease
,why does most everything produce sexually? - Answer sex creates new genotypes through
recombination
Muller's Ratchet - Answer the process by which the genomes of an asexually reproducing
species accumulate deleterious mutation in an irreversible manner; even the fittest eventually
accumulate deleterious mutations
why is asexual bad? - Answer 1) without occasional recombination, mutation alone can drive
an asexual species to extinction
2) eventually in an asexual species, every lineage accumulates a few harmful mutations; without
recombination, there is no way to create a lineage that is free from harmful mutations
3) likewise, without recombination, there is no way to collect favorable mutations into a single
lineage
genetic load - Answer the burden imposed by the accumulation of deleterious mutations
what does recombination do - Answer it creates some genotypes with fewer deleterious
mutations (one without DM are favored by NS)
asexual--beneficial mutations - Answer must occur sequentially to end up in same individual
red queen effect - Answer makes sex beneficial
like running on a treadmill, not falling behind but running very quickly in place
as host adapts to parasite, parasite adapts to host, host adapts to parasite; constant cycle
sexual reproduction can spread adaptations in a population because
A) males and females must travel to locate each other
B) sexually transmitted diseases reduce the population's fitness
C) recombination can lead to novel genotypes
D) beneficial mutations can be combined and harmful ones can be purged - Answer C & D
how old are asexual lineages - Answer normally young because they'll eventually will become
extinct
, persistence of asexual reproduction in Bdelloid rotifers - Answer enter dormant phase during
difficult conditions
-horizontal gene transfer
-shedding of parasites
take up their own genetic material, but also things around them
sexual selection - Answer individuals of one sex (usually male) compete with each other over
access to the other sex
anisogamy - Answer sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two dissimilar gametes
-larger gamete=female
-smaller gamete=male
what results from anisogamy - Answer differential investment in reproduction (takes more
energy to produce egg as opposed to energy needed to produce sperm)
female limitations on reproductive success - Answer -fecundity: how many eggs she can
produce, how many offspring she can have, energy it takes to produce an egg and have offspring
male limitations on reproductive success - Answer number of mates they can obtain
investment time after fertilization - Answer difference; you're more vulnerable to predators
why is male parental care rare? - Answer uncertain paternity
what happens when males go more than 20 m away - Answer females mate with someone
else
Muller's ratchet is the idea that ___________ accumulate in asexual populations. In such a
situation sex would be beneficial because ____________ - Answer deleterious mutations;
mutations-free genotypes can be recreated through recombination
Passed Answers Rated A+ 2025.
most things reproduce ___________ - Answer sexually
sexual reproduction - Answer combination of parental gametes to form genetically unique
individuals
asexual reproduction - Answer parent is cloned, so that parent and offspring are genetically
identical
hermaphrodites - Answer individuals produce both male and female gametes
gonochorists - Answer individuals produce only male or female gametes
do hermaphrodites and gonochorists carry eggs? - Answer yes
mechanisms of sexual reproduction are ____________ - Answer diverse
(ex. penis-fencing flatworm--they have both male and female sex organs; when mating, they
have to decide who plays what role; fights because producing offspring takes a lot of energy;
father gets to leave, mother absorbs sperm and has to work harder to find food)
examples of asexual reproduction - Answer fission, budding, parthenogenesis
benefits of asexual reproduction - Answer no need to find a mate, everyone reproduces, pass
on all of genes
how is genetic material shuffled in sexual reproduction - Answer recombination
costs of sex - Answer 1) sex can be dangerous (you have to have benefit that outweighs cost)
2) finding a mate (a good male is hard to find)
3) risk of disease
,why does most everything produce sexually? - Answer sex creates new genotypes through
recombination
Muller's Ratchet - Answer the process by which the genomes of an asexually reproducing
species accumulate deleterious mutation in an irreversible manner; even the fittest eventually
accumulate deleterious mutations
why is asexual bad? - Answer 1) without occasional recombination, mutation alone can drive
an asexual species to extinction
2) eventually in an asexual species, every lineage accumulates a few harmful mutations; without
recombination, there is no way to create a lineage that is free from harmful mutations
3) likewise, without recombination, there is no way to collect favorable mutations into a single
lineage
genetic load - Answer the burden imposed by the accumulation of deleterious mutations
what does recombination do - Answer it creates some genotypes with fewer deleterious
mutations (one without DM are favored by NS)
asexual--beneficial mutations - Answer must occur sequentially to end up in same individual
red queen effect - Answer makes sex beneficial
like running on a treadmill, not falling behind but running very quickly in place
as host adapts to parasite, parasite adapts to host, host adapts to parasite; constant cycle
sexual reproduction can spread adaptations in a population because
A) males and females must travel to locate each other
B) sexually transmitted diseases reduce the population's fitness
C) recombination can lead to novel genotypes
D) beneficial mutations can be combined and harmful ones can be purged - Answer C & D
how old are asexual lineages - Answer normally young because they'll eventually will become
extinct
, persistence of asexual reproduction in Bdelloid rotifers - Answer enter dormant phase during
difficult conditions
-horizontal gene transfer
-shedding of parasites
take up their own genetic material, but also things around them
sexual selection - Answer individuals of one sex (usually male) compete with each other over
access to the other sex
anisogamy - Answer sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two dissimilar gametes
-larger gamete=female
-smaller gamete=male
what results from anisogamy - Answer differential investment in reproduction (takes more
energy to produce egg as opposed to energy needed to produce sperm)
female limitations on reproductive success - Answer -fecundity: how many eggs she can
produce, how many offspring she can have, energy it takes to produce an egg and have offspring
male limitations on reproductive success - Answer number of mates they can obtain
investment time after fertilization - Answer difference; you're more vulnerable to predators
why is male parental care rare? - Answer uncertain paternity
what happens when males go more than 20 m away - Answer females mate with someone
else
Muller's ratchet is the idea that ___________ accumulate in asexual populations. In such a
situation sex would be beneficial because ____________ - Answer deleterious mutations;
mutations-free genotypes can be recreated through recombination
