GEOLOGY 105 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
convection
like boiling water in a pot - rises and cools over and over
convergent plate
comes together - destroys crust
divergent plate
moves away - creates crust
hot spot
forms within a plate - not on a plate boundary
oceanic ridge
an underwater mountain system formed by plate techtonics
paleomagnetism
iron minerals archive the magnetic signal at formation
,pangea
super continent - but not the only one that existed - Gondawa was made up of the
southern continents
plate techtonics
help explain earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, formation of mountains, location of
continents, and location of ocean basins
seafloor spreading
new floor is created and older floor is pushed further away from the source - more
material made = sea level rise
transform plate
sliding side by side - no change in crust
transform fault
San Andreas Fault
lithosphere - 2 types
oceanic and continental
, oceanic lithosphere
more dense, newer, basalt (igneous), thinner, divergent plate, subducted
continental lithosphere
less dense, older, silicate, thicker, convergent plate
plate boundaries - 3 types
divergent, convergent, transform
divergent plate boundary
basalt, volcanoes (not explosive), earthquakes (ex. Mid Atlantic Ridge)
convergent plate boundary
volcanoes (explosive), subduction zones, oceanic trenches, earthquakes, creates
mountains
- volcanic island - ocean/ocean
- volcanic arc - ocean/continent (ex. Pacific Northwest)
transform plate boundary
earthquakes, no volcanoes, associated with divergent plate boundaries (ex. San
Andreas)
Alfred Wegner
a German meteorologist and polar explorer - came up with the idea of continental drift
carbonate minerals
commonly formed in sedimentary and oxidizing environments
cleavage
tears like paper - tendency to break along planes of weak bonding - produces flat, shiny
surfaces (cleavage plane) - results in geometric shapes
hardness
a mineral's resistance to abrasion or scratching
luster
convection
like boiling water in a pot - rises and cools over and over
convergent plate
comes together - destroys crust
divergent plate
moves away - creates crust
hot spot
forms within a plate - not on a plate boundary
oceanic ridge
an underwater mountain system formed by plate techtonics
paleomagnetism
iron minerals archive the magnetic signal at formation
,pangea
super continent - but not the only one that existed - Gondawa was made up of the
southern continents
plate techtonics
help explain earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, formation of mountains, location of
continents, and location of ocean basins
seafloor spreading
new floor is created and older floor is pushed further away from the source - more
material made = sea level rise
transform plate
sliding side by side - no change in crust
transform fault
San Andreas Fault
lithosphere - 2 types
oceanic and continental
, oceanic lithosphere
more dense, newer, basalt (igneous), thinner, divergent plate, subducted
continental lithosphere
less dense, older, silicate, thicker, convergent plate
plate boundaries - 3 types
divergent, convergent, transform
divergent plate boundary
basalt, volcanoes (not explosive), earthquakes (ex. Mid Atlantic Ridge)
convergent plate boundary
volcanoes (explosive), subduction zones, oceanic trenches, earthquakes, creates
mountains
- volcanic island - ocean/ocean
- volcanic arc - ocean/continent (ex. Pacific Northwest)
transform plate boundary
earthquakes, no volcanoes, associated with divergent plate boundaries (ex. San
Andreas)
Alfred Wegner
a German meteorologist and polar explorer - came up with the idea of continental drift
carbonate minerals
commonly formed in sedimentary and oxidizing environments
cleavage
tears like paper - tendency to break along planes of weak bonding - produces flat, shiny
surfaces (cleavage plane) - results in geometric shapes
hardness
a mineral's resistance to abrasion or scratching
luster
