BIOS256 Exam
BIOS256 EXAM 1 CHAMBERLAIN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Ingestion - selection intake of food
Digestive Function- Stages - Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation
Digestion - Mechanical and Chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by the body
Absorption - uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract
and then into the blood and lymph
Compaction - absorbing water and consolidating the indigestible residue into feces
Defecation - elimination of feces
Peritoneum - the largest serous membrane in the body
1. lines the abdominal cavity
2. Omentum
projection of peritoneum
Mouth - formed by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue
BIOS256 Exam
, BIOS256 Exam
Salivary Glands - lie outside the mouth and empty their contents into ducts which deliver
saliva into the oral cavity
3 pairs of Salivary Glands - Parotid- mostly water with salivary
Submandibular- watery but with enzyme (amylases) and mucous
Sublingual- thick viscous mucous protection
Saliva - Contains:
1. water
2. salivary amylase: an enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth
3. lingual lipase: fat digestion
4. Mucus: lubricates mass of food and aids in swallowing
5. Lysozyme: enzyme that kills bacteria
6. Immunoglobulin A (IgA): an antibody that inhibits bacterial growth
7. electrolytes: Na+, K+, Cl-, phosphate, and bicarbonate
8. pH: 6.8 to 7.0
Mechanical digestion in the mouth - Mastication
1. food is manipulated by the tongue and ground by the teeth
2. mixed with saliva
Chemical digestion - Salivary amylase converts polysaccharides to disaccharides
Esophagus - 1. A muscular tube that lies posterior to the trachea and connects the pharynx
to the stomach
BIOS256 Exam
BIOS256 EXAM 1 CHAMBERLAIN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Ingestion - selection intake of food
Digestive Function- Stages - Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation
Digestion - Mechanical and Chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by the body
Absorption - uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract
and then into the blood and lymph
Compaction - absorbing water and consolidating the indigestible residue into feces
Defecation - elimination of feces
Peritoneum - the largest serous membrane in the body
1. lines the abdominal cavity
2. Omentum
projection of peritoneum
Mouth - formed by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue
BIOS256 Exam
, BIOS256 Exam
Salivary Glands - lie outside the mouth and empty their contents into ducts which deliver
saliva into the oral cavity
3 pairs of Salivary Glands - Parotid- mostly water with salivary
Submandibular- watery but with enzyme (amylases) and mucous
Sublingual- thick viscous mucous protection
Saliva - Contains:
1. water
2. salivary amylase: an enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth
3. lingual lipase: fat digestion
4. Mucus: lubricates mass of food and aids in swallowing
5. Lysozyme: enzyme that kills bacteria
6. Immunoglobulin A (IgA): an antibody that inhibits bacterial growth
7. electrolytes: Na+, K+, Cl-, phosphate, and bicarbonate
8. pH: 6.8 to 7.0
Mechanical digestion in the mouth - Mastication
1. food is manipulated by the tongue and ground by the teeth
2. mixed with saliva
Chemical digestion - Salivary amylase converts polysaccharides to disaccharides
Esophagus - 1. A muscular tube that lies posterior to the trachea and connects the pharynx
to the stomach
BIOS256 Exam
