Biology 121 Exam 2 ACTUAL UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Exergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Ends with the release of free energy. Takes
organic compounds and breaks it up into smaller molecules
Endergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires the input of free energy. Builds
organic compounds from smaller molecules.
Exergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Breaking down glucose to make ATP is an
overall ____ reaction
DNA, Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - What
structure components are present in ALL cells
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma
membrane
Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER -
SIMILARITIES:
1. They both have DNA as their genetic material.
2. They are both membrane bound.
3. They both have ribosomes .
4. They have similar basic metabolism .
5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms.
DIFERENCES:
1. eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not
2. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not. The organelles of
eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular division of labor than is
possible in prokaryotic cells.
, 3. Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells.
4. The DNA of eukaryotes is much more complex and therefore much more extnsive than the
DNA of prokaryotes.
5. Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer of amino
acids and sugar . Many types of eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but none made of
peptidoglycan.
6. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is held within its
nucleus and associated with histones (proteins)
7. Eukaryotes undergo mitosis; prokaryotes divide by binary fission (simple cell division)
What is the main function of the nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - to hold a eukaryotic
cell's DNA
What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it
What is the main function of the smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER - to make lipids,
break down carbohydrates and fats, and to inactivate toxins.
What is the main function of the golgi complex/apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER - to
finish, sort, and ship lipids, enyzmes, and proteins.
What is the main function of the mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy
powerhouse of the cell. Produces ATP by aerobic respiration
What is the main function of the chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER - Specializes in
photosynthesis
What is the main function of the central vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - increases cell
surface area; stores metabolic wastes
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Exergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Ends with the release of free energy. Takes
organic compounds and breaks it up into smaller molecules
Endergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires the input of free energy. Builds
organic compounds from smaller molecules.
Exergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Breaking down glucose to make ATP is an
overall ____ reaction
DNA, Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - What
structure components are present in ALL cells
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma
membrane
Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER -
SIMILARITIES:
1. They both have DNA as their genetic material.
2. They are both membrane bound.
3. They both have ribosomes .
4. They have similar basic metabolism .
5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms.
DIFERENCES:
1. eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not
2. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not. The organelles of
eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular division of labor than is
possible in prokaryotic cells.
, 3. Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells.
4. The DNA of eukaryotes is much more complex and therefore much more extnsive than the
DNA of prokaryotes.
5. Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer of amino
acids and sugar . Many types of eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but none made of
peptidoglycan.
6. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is held within its
nucleus and associated with histones (proteins)
7. Eukaryotes undergo mitosis; prokaryotes divide by binary fission (simple cell division)
What is the main function of the nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - to hold a eukaryotic
cell's DNA
What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it
What is the main function of the smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER - to make lipids,
break down carbohydrates and fats, and to inactivate toxins.
What is the main function of the golgi complex/apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER - to
finish, sort, and ship lipids, enyzmes, and proteins.
What is the main function of the mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy
powerhouse of the cell. Produces ATP by aerobic respiration
What is the main function of the chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER - Specializes in
photosynthesis
What is the main function of the central vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - increases cell
surface area; stores metabolic wastes
