RN ATI MED SURG PROCTORED EXAM 2025 WITH ANSWERS
AND RATIONALE (70 QUESTIONS)
Question 1
A nurse is caring for an older adult client whose adult child reports cognitive decline, memory loss,
and weight loss of 8 lb in the past month. The client says, “Why don’t you just leave me? I am of no
use.” Which finding requires immediate follow-up?
A. Cognitive decline reported by family
B. Client’s statement of feeling useless
C. Weight loss of 8 lb in one month
D. Poor eye contact and monotone voice
Answer: B
Rationale: The client’s statement, “I am of no use,” (B) indicates potential suicidal ideation or severe
depression, requiring immediate follow-up to assess mental health and ensure safety. Cognitive
decline (A) and weight loss (C) are concerning but less urgent, while poor eye contact (D) is a
symptom of depression but not the priority.
Question 2
A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage kidney disease. The client’s adult child asks about
becoming a living kidney donor. Which condition in the child’s history is a contraindication?
A. Amputation
,B. Osteoarthritis
C. Hypertension
D. Primary glaucoma
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension (C) is a contraindication for kidney donation due to the risk of renal
damage in the donor. Amputation (A), osteoarthritis (B), and glaucoma (D) are not absolute
contraindications unless they significantly impact overall health.
Question 3
A nurse is caring for a 75-year-old client 2 days post-hysterectomy who reports right leg warmth
and pain. Assessment reveals unilateral swelling below the knee. What is the most likely condition?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Deep vein thrombosis
C. Cellulitis
D. Peripheral artery disease
Answer: B
,Rationale: Unilateral leg swelling, warmth, and pain post-surgery suggest deep vein thrombosis (B),
a common complication due to immobility. Pulmonary embolism (A) may result from DVT but
presents with respiratory symptoms. Cellulitis (C) involves infection signs like redness, and
peripheral artery disease (D) causes cool, pulseless limbs.
Question 4
A nurse is assessing a client with Cushing’s syndrome. Which finding should the nurse expect?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypotension
D. Weight loss
Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing’s syndrome causes excess cortisol, leading to osteoporosis (A) due to bone
density loss. Hyperglycemia (not hypoglycemia, B), hypertension (not hypotension, C), and weight
gain (not loss, D) are also typical.
Question 5
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client with basal cell carcinoma. Which lesion characteristic
should the nurse expect?
A. Asymmetrical, irregular borders
, B. Pearly, waxy nodule
C. Scaly, red plaque
D. Dark, pigmented spot
Answer: B
Rationale: Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a pearly, waxy nodule (B) with visible blood
vessels. Asymmetrical lesions (A) suggest melanoma, scaly plaques (C) indicate squamous cell
carcinoma, and pigmented spots (D) are less specific.
Question 6
A nurse is assessing a client with hypocalcemia. Where should the nurse tap to detect Chvostek’s
sign?
A. Below the eyebrow
B. Over the jaw joint
C. In front of the ear
D. At the chin
Answer: C
AND RATIONALE (70 QUESTIONS)
Question 1
A nurse is caring for an older adult client whose adult child reports cognitive decline, memory loss,
and weight loss of 8 lb in the past month. The client says, “Why don’t you just leave me? I am of no
use.” Which finding requires immediate follow-up?
A. Cognitive decline reported by family
B. Client’s statement of feeling useless
C. Weight loss of 8 lb in one month
D. Poor eye contact and monotone voice
Answer: B
Rationale: The client’s statement, “I am of no use,” (B) indicates potential suicidal ideation or severe
depression, requiring immediate follow-up to assess mental health and ensure safety. Cognitive
decline (A) and weight loss (C) are concerning but less urgent, while poor eye contact (D) is a
symptom of depression but not the priority.
Question 2
A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage kidney disease. The client’s adult child asks about
becoming a living kidney donor. Which condition in the child’s history is a contraindication?
A. Amputation
,B. Osteoarthritis
C. Hypertension
D. Primary glaucoma
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension (C) is a contraindication for kidney donation due to the risk of renal
damage in the donor. Amputation (A), osteoarthritis (B), and glaucoma (D) are not absolute
contraindications unless they significantly impact overall health.
Question 3
A nurse is caring for a 75-year-old client 2 days post-hysterectomy who reports right leg warmth
and pain. Assessment reveals unilateral swelling below the knee. What is the most likely condition?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Deep vein thrombosis
C. Cellulitis
D. Peripheral artery disease
Answer: B
,Rationale: Unilateral leg swelling, warmth, and pain post-surgery suggest deep vein thrombosis (B),
a common complication due to immobility. Pulmonary embolism (A) may result from DVT but
presents with respiratory symptoms. Cellulitis (C) involves infection signs like redness, and
peripheral artery disease (D) causes cool, pulseless limbs.
Question 4
A nurse is assessing a client with Cushing’s syndrome. Which finding should the nurse expect?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypotension
D. Weight loss
Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing’s syndrome causes excess cortisol, leading to osteoporosis (A) due to bone
density loss. Hyperglycemia (not hypoglycemia, B), hypertension (not hypotension, C), and weight
gain (not loss, D) are also typical.
Question 5
A nurse is inspecting the skin of a client with basal cell carcinoma. Which lesion characteristic
should the nurse expect?
A. Asymmetrical, irregular borders
, B. Pearly, waxy nodule
C. Scaly, red plaque
D. Dark, pigmented spot
Answer: B
Rationale: Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a pearly, waxy nodule (B) with visible blood
vessels. Asymmetrical lesions (A) suggest melanoma, scaly plaques (C) indicate squamous cell
carcinoma, and pigmented spots (D) are less specific.
Question 6
A nurse is assessing a client with hypocalcemia. Where should the nurse tap to detect Chvostek’s
sign?
A. Below the eyebrow
B. Over the jaw joint
C. In front of the ear
D. At the chin
Answer: C
