NUSCTX 104 Final Exam Questions and Answers Solved Correctly
Nutrigenomics - Answers The relationship between genes and diet
Diet - Answers Individually what someone eats
Cuisine - Answers Collectively what a population eats
Physical Environment - Answers Why do we grow what we do? Climate, soil, water, plant life, animal life.
Socioeconomic environment - Answers Broader economic and political environment affects access to
food.
Sociocultural Environment - Answers Technology, social organization, and ideology
Technology - Answers A society's technology interacts with other aspects of culture (ex. fire)
Social Organization - Answers Norms that regulate relationships and, in turn, access to food.
Family - Answers Important economic unit responsible for producing and distributing food.
Ideology - Answers Accepted definition of what is food. Possibly shaped by religion, symbolism.
Sodium intake - Answers High and very low sodium intake correlated with CVD
Evolution - Answers Developing a new characteristic
Adaptation - Answers Fine-tuning a characteristic
Humans are... - Answers Opportunistic omnivores
SAD - Answers Standard American Diet: Processed foods, added sugars, sedentary lifestyle, high levels of
omega-6 vs omega-3.
Microbiome - Answers Gut bacteria that have evolved with human and dietary evolution. Symbiotic
relationship.
Evolution of humans - Answers C/N isotopes in bones and teeth, tooth morphology, dietary behavior of
other primates, bones/shells next to hominid bones, locomotion and skeletal anatomy.
Ardipithecus group - Answers 7-4 mya, closest link to other primates
Australopithecus group - Answers 4-2 mya, walked upright regularly, climbed trees
Parathropus group - Answers 3-1 mya, large teeth, powerful jaws
Homo group - Answers 2.5 mya, larger brains, tools, expanded beyond Africa
, The Expensive Tissue hypothesis - Answers Big brains, small guts: Brains are greedy for glucose, human
brain uses 20% of BMR
Man-the-Hunter hypothesis - Answers Human physiology started to change about 2 mya due to
increased caloric density from meat
The Cooking hypothesis - Answers Cooking increases overall energy obtained from that food by making
digestion easier
Homo sapiens - Answers 200,000ya-present, Africa to worldwide, lived through Paleolithic area
Paleolithic era - Answers 2.5mya-12,000ya, characterized by development of stone tools, hunter-
gatherer societies, low population density.
Neolithic era - Answers 12,000ya, aka "agricultural revolution" domestication of plants and animals
Agricultural revolution dietary changes - Answers Lead to population explosion, but also less diverse diet
which leads to difficulty achieving balance, nutritional deficiencies, risk of famine, infectious diseases,
social inequality.
Neolithic era social changes - Answers Population growth, larger group settlements -> social interaction,
not everyone had to be involved in getting food, food trade
The Industrial Revolution - Answers Late 18th century, innovative technologies led to mass production.
Industrial Revolution dietary changes - Answers Agriculture became industry, living went from rural to
urban, shift in meal patterns, "mixed blessings" regarding food
Cultural competency - Answers The delivery of health services that are respectful of and responsive to
the health beliefs, practices, and cultural and linguistic needs of diverse populations.
Cultural humility - Answers The ability of a person to maintain an interpersonal stance that is open to
other ways of life in relation to aspects of cultural identity that are most important to the person.
Stakeholders in cultural competency - Answers Funders, plant breeders, nutritional scientists,
governments and policy makers, target communities.
Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) - Answers Programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households on
the condition that those households make pre-specified investments in the human capital of their
children.
CCT incentives - Answers Provides economic incentive to change behavior regardless of social norms,
cost/benefit analysis, individual contexts, etc.
Subsistence strategy - Answers Decisions made by a group of people for the best way to procure food in
a particular environment
Nutrigenomics - Answers The relationship between genes and diet
Diet - Answers Individually what someone eats
Cuisine - Answers Collectively what a population eats
Physical Environment - Answers Why do we grow what we do? Climate, soil, water, plant life, animal life.
Socioeconomic environment - Answers Broader economic and political environment affects access to
food.
Sociocultural Environment - Answers Technology, social organization, and ideology
Technology - Answers A society's technology interacts with other aspects of culture (ex. fire)
Social Organization - Answers Norms that regulate relationships and, in turn, access to food.
Family - Answers Important economic unit responsible for producing and distributing food.
Ideology - Answers Accepted definition of what is food. Possibly shaped by religion, symbolism.
Sodium intake - Answers High and very low sodium intake correlated with CVD
Evolution - Answers Developing a new characteristic
Adaptation - Answers Fine-tuning a characteristic
Humans are... - Answers Opportunistic omnivores
SAD - Answers Standard American Diet: Processed foods, added sugars, sedentary lifestyle, high levels of
omega-6 vs omega-3.
Microbiome - Answers Gut bacteria that have evolved with human and dietary evolution. Symbiotic
relationship.
Evolution of humans - Answers C/N isotopes in bones and teeth, tooth morphology, dietary behavior of
other primates, bones/shells next to hominid bones, locomotion and skeletal anatomy.
Ardipithecus group - Answers 7-4 mya, closest link to other primates
Australopithecus group - Answers 4-2 mya, walked upright regularly, climbed trees
Parathropus group - Answers 3-1 mya, large teeth, powerful jaws
Homo group - Answers 2.5 mya, larger brains, tools, expanded beyond Africa
, The Expensive Tissue hypothesis - Answers Big brains, small guts: Brains are greedy for glucose, human
brain uses 20% of BMR
Man-the-Hunter hypothesis - Answers Human physiology started to change about 2 mya due to
increased caloric density from meat
The Cooking hypothesis - Answers Cooking increases overall energy obtained from that food by making
digestion easier
Homo sapiens - Answers 200,000ya-present, Africa to worldwide, lived through Paleolithic area
Paleolithic era - Answers 2.5mya-12,000ya, characterized by development of stone tools, hunter-
gatherer societies, low population density.
Neolithic era - Answers 12,000ya, aka "agricultural revolution" domestication of plants and animals
Agricultural revolution dietary changes - Answers Lead to population explosion, but also less diverse diet
which leads to difficulty achieving balance, nutritional deficiencies, risk of famine, infectious diseases,
social inequality.
Neolithic era social changes - Answers Population growth, larger group settlements -> social interaction,
not everyone had to be involved in getting food, food trade
The Industrial Revolution - Answers Late 18th century, innovative technologies led to mass production.
Industrial Revolution dietary changes - Answers Agriculture became industry, living went from rural to
urban, shift in meal patterns, "mixed blessings" regarding food
Cultural competency - Answers The delivery of health services that are respectful of and responsive to
the health beliefs, practices, and cultural and linguistic needs of diverse populations.
Cultural humility - Answers The ability of a person to maintain an interpersonal stance that is open to
other ways of life in relation to aspects of cultural identity that are most important to the person.
Stakeholders in cultural competency - Answers Funders, plant breeders, nutritional scientists,
governments and policy makers, target communities.
Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) - Answers Programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households on
the condition that those households make pre-specified investments in the human capital of their
children.
CCT incentives - Answers Provides economic incentive to change behavior regardless of social norms,
cost/benefit analysis, individual contexts, etc.
Subsistence strategy - Answers Decisions made by a group of people for the best way to procure food in
a particular environment
