NUR 221 Revision Exam 1 Questions
And All Correct Detailed Answers.
Abnormal, sudden, electrical signals fired from neurons within the brain, may be either
generalized or focal - Answer seizure disorders
Contributing factors for seizures (7 things, SATA question) - Answer sleep loss, electrolyte
imbalance, infection (meningitis), drug or etoh withdrawal, trauma (head injury), brain tumors,
high fever
Generalized seizures have discharge from - Answer both hemispheres
Tonic - Clonic seizures - Answer violent muscle contractions, lose conciousness, stiffening of
body and jerky spasms
Absence seizures - Answer seem disconnected from people around them, don't know they've
happened
When a patient has a blank stare and interruption of activity for a few seconds, they've most
likely had what? - Answer absence seizure
Myoclonic seizure - Answer muscles & extremities sudden jerk - feel as if been shocked
Atonic seizures - Answer loss of muscle tone, common in children, suddenly fall
Partial seizures - initial activation of - Answer part of one hemisphere aka focal
Complex seizures - Answer automatisms - consciousness is lost or impaired
Simple seizures - Answer consciousness is maintained
Automatisms - Answer can't interact, have no memory after, look awake, repetitive movement
like smacking of the lips
,3 Phases of seizures - Answer aura, ictus, post ictal
Aura - Answer change in smell, hearing, or taste
Post-ictal - Answer may need to recover for a few days
Nursing interventions for seizures (10) - Answer 1. turn pt head to side
2. maintain patent airway
3. suction available
4. move furniture
5. do not restrain
6. loosen restrictive clothing (including glasses)
7. cushion head
8. don't force anything in mouth
9. document observation before, during, and after
10. document characteristics (aura, drooling, etc.)
What is one thing we want to do when a seizure starts and why? - Answer What time it is to
know how long it lasts
What do we do last for a seizure? - Answer bed rest & pad rails
Seizure precautions? - Answer O2, suction, IV access, pad rails
Phenytoin (dilantin) is used for what kind of seizures? - Answer tonic clonic
What does GUMS stand for and what medication is it for? - Answer Gingival hyperplasia, Use
alternate birth control, Mouth care (Soft toothbrush), phenytoin
What should we tell the patient to do when taking phenytoin? - Answer don't give
w/coumadin, milk, or anatacids
, What should we tell the pt when teaching them about carbamazepine? - Answer don't take
w/grape fruit juice
How does carbamazepine work and how do we use it? - Answer dec. nerve impulses that
cause seizures, prophylactically
Side effects of carbamazepine? - Answer drowsiness, blurred vision, bone marrow depression
What is the off-label use for carbamazepine? - Answer bipolar, schizophrenia
What type of medication is valproic acid? - Answer anticonvulsant
What does valproic acid treat? - Answer manic phase of blood pressure
What do we have to monitor for with valproic acid? - Answer destroys liver so monitor liver
enzymes
What type of medication is phenobarbital (nembutal)? - Answer narcotic sedatie
What is the antedote for phenobarbital? - Answer flumazenil
What type of seizures is phenobarbital used for? - Answer grand-mal
Phenobarbital edu. and side effects? - Answer don't drive, drowsiness, resp. depression
The injectable phenobarbital is used for what and what is given first? - Answer status
epilepticus, diazepam
Who is phenobarbital also used for? - Answer severe insomniacs
Glasgow coma scale scores? - Answer 15 normal, less than 8 ventilation support (severe
damage), 3 - you're done
And All Correct Detailed Answers.
Abnormal, sudden, electrical signals fired from neurons within the brain, may be either
generalized or focal - Answer seizure disorders
Contributing factors for seizures (7 things, SATA question) - Answer sleep loss, electrolyte
imbalance, infection (meningitis), drug or etoh withdrawal, trauma (head injury), brain tumors,
high fever
Generalized seizures have discharge from - Answer both hemispheres
Tonic - Clonic seizures - Answer violent muscle contractions, lose conciousness, stiffening of
body and jerky spasms
Absence seizures - Answer seem disconnected from people around them, don't know they've
happened
When a patient has a blank stare and interruption of activity for a few seconds, they've most
likely had what? - Answer absence seizure
Myoclonic seizure - Answer muscles & extremities sudden jerk - feel as if been shocked
Atonic seizures - Answer loss of muscle tone, common in children, suddenly fall
Partial seizures - initial activation of - Answer part of one hemisphere aka focal
Complex seizures - Answer automatisms - consciousness is lost or impaired
Simple seizures - Answer consciousness is maintained
Automatisms - Answer can't interact, have no memory after, look awake, repetitive movement
like smacking of the lips
,3 Phases of seizures - Answer aura, ictus, post ictal
Aura - Answer change in smell, hearing, or taste
Post-ictal - Answer may need to recover for a few days
Nursing interventions for seizures (10) - Answer 1. turn pt head to side
2. maintain patent airway
3. suction available
4. move furniture
5. do not restrain
6. loosen restrictive clothing (including glasses)
7. cushion head
8. don't force anything in mouth
9. document observation before, during, and after
10. document characteristics (aura, drooling, etc.)
What is one thing we want to do when a seizure starts and why? - Answer What time it is to
know how long it lasts
What do we do last for a seizure? - Answer bed rest & pad rails
Seizure precautions? - Answer O2, suction, IV access, pad rails
Phenytoin (dilantin) is used for what kind of seizures? - Answer tonic clonic
What does GUMS stand for and what medication is it for? - Answer Gingival hyperplasia, Use
alternate birth control, Mouth care (Soft toothbrush), phenytoin
What should we tell the patient to do when taking phenytoin? - Answer don't give
w/coumadin, milk, or anatacids
, What should we tell the pt when teaching them about carbamazepine? - Answer don't take
w/grape fruit juice
How does carbamazepine work and how do we use it? - Answer dec. nerve impulses that
cause seizures, prophylactically
Side effects of carbamazepine? - Answer drowsiness, blurred vision, bone marrow depression
What is the off-label use for carbamazepine? - Answer bipolar, schizophrenia
What type of medication is valproic acid? - Answer anticonvulsant
What does valproic acid treat? - Answer manic phase of blood pressure
What do we have to monitor for with valproic acid? - Answer destroys liver so monitor liver
enzymes
What type of medication is phenobarbital (nembutal)? - Answer narcotic sedatie
What is the antedote for phenobarbital? - Answer flumazenil
What type of seizures is phenobarbital used for? - Answer grand-mal
Phenobarbital edu. and side effects? - Answer don't drive, drowsiness, resp. depression
The injectable phenobarbital is used for what and what is given first? - Answer status
epilepticus, diazepam
Who is phenobarbital also used for? - Answer severe insomniacs
Glasgow coma scale scores? - Answer 15 normal, less than 8 ventilation support (severe
damage), 3 - you're done
