Vegetation Control and Herbicide Application
Techniques Verified Quizzes + Top-Scoring
Assignments | A+ Guaranteed
Plant growth regulators - Used to maintain desired height of turf around guardrails.
Total vegetation control (TVC) herbicide - Residual, nonselective herbicides used around
guardrails.
Girdling - Cutting a grove or notch into the trunk of a tree to interrupt the flow of sap
between roots and crown.
Grubbing - Uprooting plants by pulling or digging.
Use of growth regulators instead of herbicides - They are used to slow vegetation growth
in areas where brownouts from herbicides are unacceptable.
Typical growth regulators - Maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, and flurprimidal are used in
areas where brownout from herbicides are unacceptable.
Photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides - They translocate in the xylem from the roots to the
older leaves.
Meristematic tissues - The growing points of plants.
ACCase inhibitors - They selectively control grass but broadleaf plants are unaffected by
them.
Dinitroanilines - They are soil applied to control annual grasses and small-seeded
broadleaf plants.
Herbicide-resistant weeds development - Herbicide controls the majority of plants and
only those that possess a resistant trait can survive and produce seed for future generations.
Mechanisms of herbicide resistance - The target site is somewhat altered and the
herbicide molecule cannot exert toxin; the weed is able to metabolize the herbicide or make it
inactive.
Frilling - Series of downward angled cuts make completely around the tree, leaving
partially severed bark and wood attached at the bottom.
, Minimizing herbicide resistant weeds - a. Scout regularly to identify resistant weeds; b.
Rotate herbicides with different sites of action; c. Apply herbicides with multiple sites of action;
d. Combine mechanical and non-chemical control practices; e. Clean equipment before moving
from infested areas with resistant weeds to non-infested areas; f. All of the above.
Herbicidal activity - When a particular herbicide binds to a target site within the plant
and exerts a lethal effect.
Ways to apply herbicides - Onto leaves (foliar treatment) or onto stem or trunk (frill,
girdle, basal-bark or cut-surface treatment).
Methods of killing standing trees without herbicide - Frilling and girdling.
Basal bark treatments - Herbicide is sprayed on small trees and shrubs on the lower 12-
18 inches of bark, most effective on trees smaller than 4-6 inches in diameter.
Soil treatments (basal soil) herbicides - They are applied within the dripline of target
species so that herbicide can move by rainfall into the root zone.
Soil treatment herbicides limitations - Not used in many areas due to various factors.
Greatest potential for spray drift - When wind velocity is greater than 10 miles an hour or
when the wind is blowing toward sensitive plants or critical areas.
Low volume sprays application restriction - During periods of high temperature or low
humidity.
Cut stump applications of herbicide - They are used to control trees with thick barks or
trunks greater than 5 inches in diameter.
Avoiding pressure decrease in sprayers - Fill the tank only 2/3 full with spray material and
repressurize the tank frequently.
Considerations for right-of-way applications - Size of area, Target vegetation, Terrain,
Pesticide formulation, All of above.
Benefits of piston pumps - They can provide higher spray pressure than diaphragm
pumps but cannot be used with abrasive formulations.
Effective injections of pesticides - At the base of the tree, Not made into deep folds or
creases of the root flare, Holes less than ¼" diameter made at a depth of ½" to 1" spaced every
3 to 6 inches around tree, Number of tree holes is determined by diameter of tree at breast
height (DBH), All of the above.
Techniques Verified Quizzes + Top-Scoring
Assignments | A+ Guaranteed
Plant growth regulators - Used to maintain desired height of turf around guardrails.
Total vegetation control (TVC) herbicide - Residual, nonselective herbicides used around
guardrails.
Girdling - Cutting a grove or notch into the trunk of a tree to interrupt the flow of sap
between roots and crown.
Grubbing - Uprooting plants by pulling or digging.
Use of growth regulators instead of herbicides - They are used to slow vegetation growth
in areas where brownouts from herbicides are unacceptable.
Typical growth regulators - Maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, and flurprimidal are used in
areas where brownout from herbicides are unacceptable.
Photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides - They translocate in the xylem from the roots to the
older leaves.
Meristematic tissues - The growing points of plants.
ACCase inhibitors - They selectively control grass but broadleaf plants are unaffected by
them.
Dinitroanilines - They are soil applied to control annual grasses and small-seeded
broadleaf plants.
Herbicide-resistant weeds development - Herbicide controls the majority of plants and
only those that possess a resistant trait can survive and produce seed for future generations.
Mechanisms of herbicide resistance - The target site is somewhat altered and the
herbicide molecule cannot exert toxin; the weed is able to metabolize the herbicide or make it
inactive.
Frilling - Series of downward angled cuts make completely around the tree, leaving
partially severed bark and wood attached at the bottom.
, Minimizing herbicide resistant weeds - a. Scout regularly to identify resistant weeds; b.
Rotate herbicides with different sites of action; c. Apply herbicides with multiple sites of action;
d. Combine mechanical and non-chemical control practices; e. Clean equipment before moving
from infested areas with resistant weeds to non-infested areas; f. All of the above.
Herbicidal activity - When a particular herbicide binds to a target site within the plant
and exerts a lethal effect.
Ways to apply herbicides - Onto leaves (foliar treatment) or onto stem or trunk (frill,
girdle, basal-bark or cut-surface treatment).
Methods of killing standing trees without herbicide - Frilling and girdling.
Basal bark treatments - Herbicide is sprayed on small trees and shrubs on the lower 12-
18 inches of bark, most effective on trees smaller than 4-6 inches in diameter.
Soil treatments (basal soil) herbicides - They are applied within the dripline of target
species so that herbicide can move by rainfall into the root zone.
Soil treatment herbicides limitations - Not used in many areas due to various factors.
Greatest potential for spray drift - When wind velocity is greater than 10 miles an hour or
when the wind is blowing toward sensitive plants or critical areas.
Low volume sprays application restriction - During periods of high temperature or low
humidity.
Cut stump applications of herbicide - They are used to control trees with thick barks or
trunks greater than 5 inches in diameter.
Avoiding pressure decrease in sprayers - Fill the tank only 2/3 full with spray material and
repressurize the tank frequently.
Considerations for right-of-way applications - Size of area, Target vegetation, Terrain,
Pesticide formulation, All of above.
Benefits of piston pumps - They can provide higher spray pressure than diaphragm
pumps but cannot be used with abrasive formulations.
Effective injections of pesticides - At the base of the tree, Not made into deep folds or
creases of the root flare, Holes less than ¼" diameter made at a depth of ½" to 1" spaced every
3 to 6 inches around tree, Number of tree holes is determined by diameter of tree at breast
height (DBH), All of the above.
