1. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of gout?
A. Increased calcium deposition in joints
B. Autoimmune destruction of synovial membrane
C. Accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in
joints
D. Bacterial infection of the joint capsule
Answer: C
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal
deposition in joints due to hyperuricemia.
2. What is the hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. Bence Jones proteins
B. Philadelphia chromosome
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Myeloblast proliferation
Answer: C
Rationale: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal
lymphocytes seen in Hodgkin lymphoma.
,3. In hypothyroidism, which of the following is
typically elevated?
A. T3
B. T4
C. TSH
D. Calcitonin
Answer: C
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the pituitary
compensates for low thyroid hormones by increasing
TSH.
4. In hyperaldosteronism, what electrolyte imbalance
is expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone causes sodium retention and
potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
, 5. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
C. Low PTH
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: D
Rationale: PTH increases calcium levels by
stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
6. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
pathophysiology of gout?
A. Increased calcium deposition in joints
B. Autoimmune destruction of synovial membrane
C. Accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in
joints
D. Bacterial infection of the joint capsule
Answer: C
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal
deposition in joints due to hyperuricemia.
2. What is the hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. Bence Jones proteins
B. Philadelphia chromosome
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Myeloblast proliferation
Answer: C
Rationale: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal
lymphocytes seen in Hodgkin lymphoma.
,3. In hypothyroidism, which of the following is
typically elevated?
A. T3
B. T4
C. TSH
D. Calcitonin
Answer: C
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the pituitary
compensates for low thyroid hormones by increasing
TSH.
4. In hyperaldosteronism, what electrolyte imbalance
is expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone causes sodium retention and
potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
, 5. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
C. Low PTH
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: D
Rationale: PTH increases calcium levels by
stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
6. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
