1. Which condition involves a mutation in the HFE
gene?
A. Wilson’s disease
B. Hemochromatosis
C. Cystic fibrosis
D. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemochromatosis is caused by HFE gene
mutations, leading to iron overload.
2. In hyperaldosteronism, what electrolyte imbalance
is expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone causes sodium retention and
potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
,3. A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites due to:
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia
C. Increased glomerular filtration
D. Decreased antidiuretic hormone
Answer: B
Rationale: Cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension and
decreased oncotic pressure from low albumin,
causing fluid to accumulate in the peritoneal cavity.
4. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
, 5. What is the most common cause of upper
gastrointestinal bleeding?
A. Esophageal cancer
B. Peptic ulcer disease
C. Mallory-Weiss tear
D. Gastric carcinoma
Answer: B
Rationale: Peptic ulcers, especially from H. pylori or
NSAID use, are the leading cause of upper GI
bleeding.
6. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
C. Low PTH
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: D
Rationale: PTH increases calcium levels by
stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
gene?
A. Wilson’s disease
B. Hemochromatosis
C. Cystic fibrosis
D. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemochromatosis is caused by HFE gene
mutations, leading to iron overload.
2. In hyperaldosteronism, what electrolyte imbalance
is expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone causes sodium retention and
potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
,3. A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites due to:
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia
C. Increased glomerular filtration
D. Decreased antidiuretic hormone
Answer: B
Rationale: Cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension and
decreased oncotic pressure from low albumin,
causing fluid to accumulate in the peritoneal cavity.
4. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
, 5. What is the most common cause of upper
gastrointestinal bleeding?
A. Esophageal cancer
B. Peptic ulcer disease
C. Mallory-Weiss tear
D. Gastric carcinoma
Answer: B
Rationale: Peptic ulcers, especially from H. pylori or
NSAID use, are the leading cause of upper GI
bleeding.
6. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
C. Low PTH
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: D
Rationale: PTH increases calcium levels by
stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption.
