1. Which of the following is most likely in a patient
with metabolic acidosis?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Low serum bicarbonate
C. High pH
D. Decreased anion gap
Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by
decreased serum bicarbonate and low blood pH.
2. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine deficiency
B. Amyloid plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary
tangles
C. Increased GABA activity
D. Reduced serotonin levels
Answer: B
,Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
abnormal protein aggregates and neuron loss in the
brain.
3. Which condition is associated with a deficiency in
factor VIII?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Hemophilia B
C. von Willebrand disease
D. Thrombocytopenia
Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A results from a deficiency in
clotting factor VIII.
4. A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
is:
A. Elevated TSH
B. Presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies
C. Low platelet count
D. Elevated cortisol
Answer: B
, Rationale: Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are
specific for SLE and aid diagnosis.
5. In ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome),
what is the main pathophysiologic problem?
A. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
B. Loss of alveolar surfactant and inflammation
C. Chronic mucus hypersecretion
D. Viral invasion of bronchial epithelium
Answer: B
Rationale: ARDS involves diffuse alveolar damage,
inflammation, and surfactant dysfunction causing
impaired gas exchange.
6. What is the initial pathophysiological event in
septic shock?
A. Loss of sympathetic tone
B. Decreased cardiac contractility
C. Systemic vasodilation due to inflammatory
mediators
D. Decreased blood volume
with metabolic acidosis?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Low serum bicarbonate
C. High pH
D. Decreased anion gap
Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by
decreased serum bicarbonate and low blood pH.
2. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine deficiency
B. Amyloid plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary
tangles
C. Increased GABA activity
D. Reduced serotonin levels
Answer: B
,Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
abnormal protein aggregates and neuron loss in the
brain.
3. Which condition is associated with a deficiency in
factor VIII?
A. Hemophilia A
B. Hemophilia B
C. von Willebrand disease
D. Thrombocytopenia
Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A results from a deficiency in
clotting factor VIII.
4. A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
is:
A. Elevated TSH
B. Presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies
C. Low platelet count
D. Elevated cortisol
Answer: B
, Rationale: Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are
specific for SLE and aid diagnosis.
5. In ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome),
what is the main pathophysiologic problem?
A. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
B. Loss of alveolar surfactant and inflammation
C. Chronic mucus hypersecretion
D. Viral invasion of bronchial epithelium
Answer: B
Rationale: ARDS involves diffuse alveolar damage,
inflammation, and surfactant dysfunction causing
impaired gas exchange.
6. What is the initial pathophysiological event in
septic shock?
A. Loss of sympathetic tone
B. Decreased cardiac contractility
C. Systemic vasodilation due to inflammatory
mediators
D. Decreased blood volume
