NSG222 Exam 1 – OB (2025) Actual Exam Questions and
Answers A+ Graded
1. Dysmenorrhea: .- .painful .menstruation .and .is .a .common .problem .in .adolescence
- aka .cyclic .perimenstrual .pain
- classified .as .primary .(spasmodic) .or .secondary .(congestive
2. Primary .dysmenorrhea: .- .painful .menstrual .bleedings .in .the .absence .of .any
.detectable .underlying .pathology
- caused .by .increased .prostaglandin .production
3. Secondary .dysmenorrhea: .- .painful .menstruation .due .to .pelvic .or .uterine .pathol-
.ogy
- caused .by .endometriosis, .adenomyosis, .fibroids, .pelvic .infection, .an .intrauterine
.system .(IUS), .cervical .stenosis, .or .congenital .uterine .or .vaginal .abnormalities
4. Endometriosis: .- .the .most .common .cause .of .secondary .dysmenorrhea
- associated .with .pain .beyond .menstruation, .dyspareunia, .low .back .pain, .heavy .or
.irregular .bleeding, .bloating, .nausea, .and .vomiting, .and .infertility
5. Infertility, .therapeutic .management: .- .The .majority .of .infertility .cases .are .treat-
.ed .with .drugs .or .surgery
- Treatment .options .include .lifestyle .changes, .such .as .weight .loss .and .smoking
.cessation; .taking .clomiphene .to .promote .ovulation; .hormone .injections .to .promote
.ovulation; .intrauterine .insemination; .and .IVF
6. Barrier .methods: .- .physical .or .chemical .devices .that .prevent .pregnancy .by
.preventing .the .sperm .from .reaching .the .ovum
- Mechanical .barriers: .condoms, .diaphragms, .cervical .caps, .and .sponges
- Chemical .barriers: .creams, .jellies, .foam, .suppositories, .and .vaginal .films
- mechanical .& .chemical .can .be .used .together
7. Condoms: .- .made .for .both .males .and .females .from .latex .or .polyurethane
- available .in .many .colors, .textures, .sizes, .shapes, .and .thicknesses
8. Diaphragm: .- .soft .latex .dome .surrounded .by .a .metal .spring
- used .in .conjunction .with .a .spermicidal .jelly .or .cream, .it .is .inserted .into .the .vagina
.to .cover .the .cervix
- inserted .up .to .2 .hours .before .intercourse .and .must .be .left .in .place .for .at .least .6
.hours .afterward
9. Cervical .cap: .- .smaller .than .the .diaphragm .and .covers .only .the .cervix
- held .in .place .by .suction
, - may .be .inserted .up .to .36 .hours .before .intercourse .and .provides .protection .for .48
.hours
- must .be .kept .in .the .vagina .for .6 .hours .after .intercourse .and .replaced .every .year
10. contraceptive .sponge: .- .nonhormonal, .nonprescription .device .that .includes
.both .a .barrier .and .a .spermicide
- a .soft .concave .device .that .prevents .pregnancy .by .covering .the .cervix .and .releasing
.spermicide
Answers A+ Graded
1. Dysmenorrhea: .- .painful .menstruation .and .is .a .common .problem .in .adolescence
- aka .cyclic .perimenstrual .pain
- classified .as .primary .(spasmodic) .or .secondary .(congestive
2. Primary .dysmenorrhea: .- .painful .menstrual .bleedings .in .the .absence .of .any
.detectable .underlying .pathology
- caused .by .increased .prostaglandin .production
3. Secondary .dysmenorrhea: .- .painful .menstruation .due .to .pelvic .or .uterine .pathol-
.ogy
- caused .by .endometriosis, .adenomyosis, .fibroids, .pelvic .infection, .an .intrauterine
.system .(IUS), .cervical .stenosis, .or .congenital .uterine .or .vaginal .abnormalities
4. Endometriosis: .- .the .most .common .cause .of .secondary .dysmenorrhea
- associated .with .pain .beyond .menstruation, .dyspareunia, .low .back .pain, .heavy .or
.irregular .bleeding, .bloating, .nausea, .and .vomiting, .and .infertility
5. Infertility, .therapeutic .management: .- .The .majority .of .infertility .cases .are .treat-
.ed .with .drugs .or .surgery
- Treatment .options .include .lifestyle .changes, .such .as .weight .loss .and .smoking
.cessation; .taking .clomiphene .to .promote .ovulation; .hormone .injections .to .promote
.ovulation; .intrauterine .insemination; .and .IVF
6. Barrier .methods: .- .physical .or .chemical .devices .that .prevent .pregnancy .by
.preventing .the .sperm .from .reaching .the .ovum
- Mechanical .barriers: .condoms, .diaphragms, .cervical .caps, .and .sponges
- Chemical .barriers: .creams, .jellies, .foam, .suppositories, .and .vaginal .films
- mechanical .& .chemical .can .be .used .together
7. Condoms: .- .made .for .both .males .and .females .from .latex .or .polyurethane
- available .in .many .colors, .textures, .sizes, .shapes, .and .thicknesses
8. Diaphragm: .- .soft .latex .dome .surrounded .by .a .metal .spring
- used .in .conjunction .with .a .spermicidal .jelly .or .cream, .it .is .inserted .into .the .vagina
.to .cover .the .cervix
- inserted .up .to .2 .hours .before .intercourse .and .must .be .left .in .place .for .at .least .6
.hours .afterward
9. Cervical .cap: .- .smaller .than .the .diaphragm .and .covers .only .the .cervix
- held .in .place .by .suction
, - may .be .inserted .up .to .36 .hours .before .intercourse .and .provides .protection .for .48
.hours
- must .be .kept .in .the .vagina .for .6 .hours .after .intercourse .and .replaced .every .year
10. contraceptive .sponge: .- .nonhormonal, .nonprescription .device .that .includes
.both .a .barrier .and .a .spermicide
- a .soft .concave .device .that .prevents .pregnancy .by .covering .the .cervix .and .releasing
.spermicide
