History of the profession-✔✔--Wundt focused on structuralism- an attempt to explain and understand
mental processes by a person's life creates implicit structures and experience
-Charcot invented hypnosis (not very effective)
-Breuer came up with psychoanalysis (not Freud)
-Anna O was a girl who had paralysis in her face and talked to Breuer and became better through
therapy
Freud and Psychoanalysis-✔✔--Structure of the unconscious, psychosexual development
-Free Association
-Dream Interpretation
-Analysis of Childhood
Psychotherapy to Counseling-✔✔--Anti-Freud movement (Stack Sullivan, Erickson, Fromm, Horney,
etc.)
-Education as a means of finding work
-"Choosing a Vocation" 1908
Guidance Counseling-✔✔--1930's-1940's
-Increased focus on interest and ability testing
-National Defense Education Act
-Donald Super focused on understanding the stages of career development
-Understanding interaction between career and life roles
Frank Parsons-✔✔-the father of vocational counseling
Social factors that help to increase the focus on compassion counseling-✔✔--Carl Rogers made
template for wellness model
-Developed the humanistic person-centered approach
-Focus of counseling transitioned to mental health (70s-80s)
-VA first licensed mental health counselors in 1975
-by 1989, 22 states licensed mental health counselors
-In 2010, CA became the 50th state to adopt the mental health counselor license
Carl Rogers-✔✔--60's-70's
-Left seminary at age 20 to train in psychology at Columbia
-Struggled to identify with trends in psychology at the time
-Developed the humanistic person-centered approach
Morals
Ethics
, Legal-✔✔-Moral- individual judgment about right and wrong based on the dominant/relevant cultural
or society
Ethics- acceptable or good practice according to agreed-upon standards of practice established by a
profession
Law- codified standards of practice established by a profession
6 Principle Ethics-✔✔-Fidelity- fulfills trust
Autonomy- respect clients to make decisions
Beneficence- promote well-being
Justice- fairness to all clients
Non-maleficence- doing no harm
Veracity- being truthful to clients
Licensure
Certification
Registration-✔✔-Licensure- the most rigorous form of regulation in that those who are licensed may
practice the profession in a state
Certification- is the term used when a title, such as professional counselor can be used only by those
who are certified
Registration- is the form of governmental regulation in which members of a profession must sign up
with the government if they practice the profession in the state
How to sue for malpractice-✔✔--Must prove that the client was damaged in some way
-Counseling relationship was established and defined
-The counselor made a substantial error in practice
-There was proximate cause (the counselor caused this damage)
The Wellness Model/Disease model-✔✔-Wellness model- focuses on existing strengths and
weaknesses
Illness model- focuses on what's wrong and attempts to fix it
Counseling 14 year olds-✔✔--Minor clients have an ethical right to privacy and confidentiality in the
counseling relationship, but the privacy rights belong to the parents
-In the state of PA, at the age of 14 you are technically considered an adult in the mental health field.
-You may stop treatment if you want/refuse other people to see your records
-Under 14, parents can technically see their children's records if they want to do so
Cultural Encapsulation-✔✔-working with clients from an ethnocentric perspective, where one does
not effectively understand the world view and culture of origin of the client, nor do they integrate this
knowledge into the counseling process.
mental processes by a person's life creates implicit structures and experience
-Charcot invented hypnosis (not very effective)
-Breuer came up with psychoanalysis (not Freud)
-Anna O was a girl who had paralysis in her face and talked to Breuer and became better through
therapy
Freud and Psychoanalysis-✔✔--Structure of the unconscious, psychosexual development
-Free Association
-Dream Interpretation
-Analysis of Childhood
Psychotherapy to Counseling-✔✔--Anti-Freud movement (Stack Sullivan, Erickson, Fromm, Horney,
etc.)
-Education as a means of finding work
-"Choosing a Vocation" 1908
Guidance Counseling-✔✔--1930's-1940's
-Increased focus on interest and ability testing
-National Defense Education Act
-Donald Super focused on understanding the stages of career development
-Understanding interaction between career and life roles
Frank Parsons-✔✔-the father of vocational counseling
Social factors that help to increase the focus on compassion counseling-✔✔--Carl Rogers made
template for wellness model
-Developed the humanistic person-centered approach
-Focus of counseling transitioned to mental health (70s-80s)
-VA first licensed mental health counselors in 1975
-by 1989, 22 states licensed mental health counselors
-In 2010, CA became the 50th state to adopt the mental health counselor license
Carl Rogers-✔✔--60's-70's
-Left seminary at age 20 to train in psychology at Columbia
-Struggled to identify with trends in psychology at the time
-Developed the humanistic person-centered approach
Morals
Ethics
, Legal-✔✔-Moral- individual judgment about right and wrong based on the dominant/relevant cultural
or society
Ethics- acceptable or good practice according to agreed-upon standards of practice established by a
profession
Law- codified standards of practice established by a profession
6 Principle Ethics-✔✔-Fidelity- fulfills trust
Autonomy- respect clients to make decisions
Beneficence- promote well-being
Justice- fairness to all clients
Non-maleficence- doing no harm
Veracity- being truthful to clients
Licensure
Certification
Registration-✔✔-Licensure- the most rigorous form of regulation in that those who are licensed may
practice the profession in a state
Certification- is the term used when a title, such as professional counselor can be used only by those
who are certified
Registration- is the form of governmental regulation in which members of a profession must sign up
with the government if they practice the profession in the state
How to sue for malpractice-✔✔--Must prove that the client was damaged in some way
-Counseling relationship was established and defined
-The counselor made a substantial error in practice
-There was proximate cause (the counselor caused this damage)
The Wellness Model/Disease model-✔✔-Wellness model- focuses on existing strengths and
weaknesses
Illness model- focuses on what's wrong and attempts to fix it
Counseling 14 year olds-✔✔--Minor clients have an ethical right to privacy and confidentiality in the
counseling relationship, but the privacy rights belong to the parents
-In the state of PA, at the age of 14 you are technically considered an adult in the mental health field.
-You may stop treatment if you want/refuse other people to see your records
-Under 14, parents can technically see their children's records if they want to do so
Cultural Encapsulation-✔✔-working with clients from an ethnocentric perspective, where one does
not effectively understand the world view and culture of origin of the client, nor do they integrate this
knowledge into the counseling process.
