NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ALL MODULE 9 EXAM (GRADED A+)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS- PORTAGE LEARNING
What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids? - (answer)Cushing's
The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: -
(answer)hypoglycemia
Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT:
Lethargy
Hyperglycemia
Retention of sodium
Nausea and vomiting
Hypotension - (answer)hyperglycemia
retention of sodium
Addison's disease is due to which of the following:
-Adrenal gland dysfunction
-Decreased ACTH stimulation from the pituitary
-Decreased CRH from the hypothalamus
-All of the above
-none of the above - (answer)adrenal gland dysfunction
T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ. -
(answer)true
T/F: A paracrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that
produced it. - (answer)false
T/F: Target cells must have receptors to recognize a hormone and translate the signal
into a cellular response. - (answer)true
T/F: Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only. -
(answer)false
What is the source of the hormone that plays a major role in the maintenance of body
metabolism and growth and development in children?
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
Thyroid
Pancreas - (answer)thyroid
, Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with each of the following characteristics
EXCEPT:
-markedly reduced beta cell mass
-markedly reduced circulating insulin level
-gradual, subtle onset
-usualy normal body weight - (answer)gradual, subtle onset
Each of the following are characteristics of diabetes mellitus except:
-delayed gastric emptying
-bladder infections
-myxedema
-glaucoma - (answer)myxedema (myxedema is associated with hypothyroid)
T/F: Glycogenesis means glucose formation. - (answer)false (glycogen formation)
T/F: When the body is in starvation mode, it breaks down fat into ketones. -
(answer)true
T/F: Most hormones are controlled through positive feedback. - (answer)false (negative
feedback)
T/F: Type 2 diabetics can improve hyperglycemia with weight loss. - (answer)true
T/F: Diabetes can be diagnosed by a fasting blood sugar, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance
test, or hemoglobin A1C. - (answer)true
A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
What are 2 strategies to help him normalize his blood sugars? List 2 other
macrovascular complications he is at risk for and how you would screen for them? -
(answer)(1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control blood
glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of 5-10% of total body weight has been
shown to improve glucose control.
(2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia - checking blood pressure and screening with a
serum lipid panel.
Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics? - (answer)vascular damage,
decreased sensation from diabetic neuropathy, poor wound healing, increased risk of
bacterial infections from hyperglycemia. If foot wounds are left untreated, they could
become infected, gangrenous, necrotic, and eventually require amputation of toes, feet,
the lower leg, or entire extremity.
The following are each diagnostic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
EXCEPT: - (answer)ketoacidosis
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS- PORTAGE LEARNING
What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids? - (answer)Cushing's
The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: -
(answer)hypoglycemia
Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT:
Lethargy
Hyperglycemia
Retention of sodium
Nausea and vomiting
Hypotension - (answer)hyperglycemia
retention of sodium
Addison's disease is due to which of the following:
-Adrenal gland dysfunction
-Decreased ACTH stimulation from the pituitary
-Decreased CRH from the hypothalamus
-All of the above
-none of the above - (answer)adrenal gland dysfunction
T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ. -
(answer)true
T/F: A paracrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that
produced it. - (answer)false
T/F: Target cells must have receptors to recognize a hormone and translate the signal
into a cellular response. - (answer)true
T/F: Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only. -
(answer)false
What is the source of the hormone that plays a major role in the maintenance of body
metabolism and growth and development in children?
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
Thyroid
Pancreas - (answer)thyroid
, Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with each of the following characteristics
EXCEPT:
-markedly reduced beta cell mass
-markedly reduced circulating insulin level
-gradual, subtle onset
-usualy normal body weight - (answer)gradual, subtle onset
Each of the following are characteristics of diabetes mellitus except:
-delayed gastric emptying
-bladder infections
-myxedema
-glaucoma - (answer)myxedema (myxedema is associated with hypothyroid)
T/F: Glycogenesis means glucose formation. - (answer)false (glycogen formation)
T/F: When the body is in starvation mode, it breaks down fat into ketones. -
(answer)true
T/F: Most hormones are controlled through positive feedback. - (answer)false (negative
feedback)
T/F: Type 2 diabetics can improve hyperglycemia with weight loss. - (answer)true
T/F: Diabetes can be diagnosed by a fasting blood sugar, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance
test, or hemoglobin A1C. - (answer)true
A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
What are 2 strategies to help him normalize his blood sugars? List 2 other
macrovascular complications he is at risk for and how you would screen for them? -
(answer)(1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control blood
glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of 5-10% of total body weight has been
shown to improve glucose control.
(2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia - checking blood pressure and screening with a
serum lipid panel.
Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics? - (answer)vascular damage,
decreased sensation from diabetic neuropathy, poor wound healing, increased risk of
bacterial infections from hyperglycemia. If foot wounds are left untreated, they could
become infected, gangrenous, necrotic, and eventually require amputation of toes, feet,
the lower leg, or entire extremity.
The following are each diagnostic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
EXCEPT: - (answer)ketoacidosis
