NUR 124 EXAM 1 || ACKNOWLEDGED ANSWERS 100%.
What makes up 1/3 of the body's water content? correct answers extracellular fluid (ECF)--15
liters
Where is intracellular fluid (ICF)? Figure 13-1 correct answers inside cell membranes
What are fluids used to deliver? correct answers dissolved nutrients, electrolytes, cells for
immunity, and histamine
Where does aldosterone come from and when is it secreted? correct answers adrenal cortex;
sodium levels in ECF are too low or have dropped
Why is aldosterone secreted? correct answers to prevent water and sodium loss
aldosterone actions correct answers -triggers kidney nephrons to reabsorb sodium and water from
urine into bloodstream
-prevents excess kidney excretion of sodium and blood potassium from getting too high
What will the nurse see when aldosterone is imbalanced? correct answers retention of water and
sodium, secretion of potassium
Where does anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) come from? correct answers brain; stored and released
from posterior pituitary
When is anti-diuretic hormone secreted? correct answers -osmoreceptors in hypothalamus sense
change in blood osmolarity
-increases in blood osmolarity, particularly sodium
,anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) actions correct answers It increases permeability of kidney tubules
and collecting ducts. The tubules reabsorb more water and return it to the blood, decreasing
blood osmolarity.
What will the nurse see when anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is imbalanced? correct answers -
concentrated urine initially
-blood volumes increases, which increases BP and decreases HR
-lower H/H (hematocrit and hemoglobin)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) correct answers hormone that comes from cells lining the atria
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) correct answers hormone that comes from cells lining the
ventricles
Why are natriuretic peptides secreted? correct answers to increase blood volume and BP
natriuretic peptide action correct answers bind to receptors in the nephrons, producing an
opposite effect of aldosterone; increases kidney reabsorption of sodium and glomerular filtration
What will the nurse see when natriuretic peptides are imbalanced? correct answers increased
urine output and decreased circulating blood volume and osmolarity
How long can an adult live without water? correct answers 10 days
required fluid intake for 18 yr old adult correct answers 30-50 mL/kg OR 2200-2700 mL in 24
hrs
How long can infants live without water? correct answers 3-4 days
,What percentage of an infant's weight is water? correct answers 70-80%
A child requires __________ fluid intake in comparison to body weight. correct answers 3 times
more
required fluid intake for 3-month-old correct answers 130-150 mL/kg OR 750-800 mL in 24
hours
How much of their total body water do infants exchange or secrete in a day? correct answers half
Isotonic Dehydration In Pediatrics correct answers -most common type
-equal amounts of sodium and water are lost
-caused by vomiting, diarrhea, and/or fever
-patients exhibit symptoms of shock
-serum sodium = 130-150 mEq/dL
Hypotonic Dehydration in Pediatrics correct answers -sodium deficit exceeds H2O deficit
-serum sodium <130 mEq/dL
-caused by heat
Why does shock worsen in hypotonic dehydration? correct answers Fluid moves into ICF to
equalize sodium.
Hypertonic Dehydration in Pediatrics correct answers -H2O deficit greater than sodium loss OR
increased sodium intake without increased water intake
-sodium level > 150 mEq/dL
Pediatric Dehydration Symptoms correct answers -cold, gray, or increased hardness of skin
, -poor turgor
-absence of tears/saliva
-dry mucous membranes
-sunken anterior fontanel in infants
-sunken eyes
-increased pulse/respirations, sodium, and BUN
-cap refill > 3 secs
-decreased urine output and increased specific gravity
-irritability
-seizures if sodium is markedly increased
Pediatric Dehydration Nursing Care correct answers -fluid replacement (carbs should be
incorporated into the fluids)
-physical assessment
-strict I&O
-daily weight
filtration correct answers movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane because of
the hydrostatic pressure on both sides of the membrane
diffusion correct answers free movement of particles across a permeable membrane from higher
to lower concentrated areas
osmolarity correct answers number of milliosmoles per milliliter
osmolality correct answers number of milliosmoles in a kg of solution
normal osmolality of plasma and other body fluids correct answers 300 mOsm/L
What makes up 1/3 of the body's water content? correct answers extracellular fluid (ECF)--15
liters
Where is intracellular fluid (ICF)? Figure 13-1 correct answers inside cell membranes
What are fluids used to deliver? correct answers dissolved nutrients, electrolytes, cells for
immunity, and histamine
Where does aldosterone come from and when is it secreted? correct answers adrenal cortex;
sodium levels in ECF are too low or have dropped
Why is aldosterone secreted? correct answers to prevent water and sodium loss
aldosterone actions correct answers -triggers kidney nephrons to reabsorb sodium and water from
urine into bloodstream
-prevents excess kidney excretion of sodium and blood potassium from getting too high
What will the nurse see when aldosterone is imbalanced? correct answers retention of water and
sodium, secretion of potassium
Where does anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) come from? correct answers brain; stored and released
from posterior pituitary
When is anti-diuretic hormone secreted? correct answers -osmoreceptors in hypothalamus sense
change in blood osmolarity
-increases in blood osmolarity, particularly sodium
,anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) actions correct answers It increases permeability of kidney tubules
and collecting ducts. The tubules reabsorb more water and return it to the blood, decreasing
blood osmolarity.
What will the nurse see when anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is imbalanced? correct answers -
concentrated urine initially
-blood volumes increases, which increases BP and decreases HR
-lower H/H (hematocrit and hemoglobin)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) correct answers hormone that comes from cells lining the atria
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) correct answers hormone that comes from cells lining the
ventricles
Why are natriuretic peptides secreted? correct answers to increase blood volume and BP
natriuretic peptide action correct answers bind to receptors in the nephrons, producing an
opposite effect of aldosterone; increases kidney reabsorption of sodium and glomerular filtration
What will the nurse see when natriuretic peptides are imbalanced? correct answers increased
urine output and decreased circulating blood volume and osmolarity
How long can an adult live without water? correct answers 10 days
required fluid intake for 18 yr old adult correct answers 30-50 mL/kg OR 2200-2700 mL in 24
hrs
How long can infants live without water? correct answers 3-4 days
,What percentage of an infant's weight is water? correct answers 70-80%
A child requires __________ fluid intake in comparison to body weight. correct answers 3 times
more
required fluid intake for 3-month-old correct answers 130-150 mL/kg OR 750-800 mL in 24
hours
How much of their total body water do infants exchange or secrete in a day? correct answers half
Isotonic Dehydration In Pediatrics correct answers -most common type
-equal amounts of sodium and water are lost
-caused by vomiting, diarrhea, and/or fever
-patients exhibit symptoms of shock
-serum sodium = 130-150 mEq/dL
Hypotonic Dehydration in Pediatrics correct answers -sodium deficit exceeds H2O deficit
-serum sodium <130 mEq/dL
-caused by heat
Why does shock worsen in hypotonic dehydration? correct answers Fluid moves into ICF to
equalize sodium.
Hypertonic Dehydration in Pediatrics correct answers -H2O deficit greater than sodium loss OR
increased sodium intake without increased water intake
-sodium level > 150 mEq/dL
Pediatric Dehydration Symptoms correct answers -cold, gray, or increased hardness of skin
, -poor turgor
-absence of tears/saliva
-dry mucous membranes
-sunken anterior fontanel in infants
-sunken eyes
-increased pulse/respirations, sodium, and BUN
-cap refill > 3 secs
-decreased urine output and increased specific gravity
-irritability
-seizures if sodium is markedly increased
Pediatric Dehydration Nursing Care correct answers -fluid replacement (carbs should be
incorporated into the fluids)
-physical assessment
-strict I&O
-daily weight
filtration correct answers movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane because of
the hydrostatic pressure on both sides of the membrane
diffusion correct answers free movement of particles across a permeable membrane from higher
to lower concentrated areas
osmolarity correct answers number of milliosmoles per milliliter
osmolality correct answers number of milliosmoles in a kg of solution
normal osmolality of plasma and other body fluids correct answers 300 mOsm/L
