CogSci 1B Midterm 1-Final exam with correct answers

CogSci 1B Midterm 1-Final exam with || || || || || ||




correct answers ||




Neural Basis of Perception - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Began in 1980's when
|| || || || || || || || || || ||



people were getting better at neural imaging techinques
|| || || || || || ||




Pathways of Visual Information (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dorsal Stream
|| || || || || || || || ||



(Finding a dolphin's dorsal fin): Spatial location, begin in the striate cortex
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||



and then end in the posterior parietal
|| || || || || ||




Ventral Stream: What it is and form: Striate and then goes to the temporal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||



cortex



Marr's tri-level information hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS
|| || || || || || ||



✔✔Information processing is held at 3 levels || || || || || ||




Computational: Highest most abstract level || || || ||




Algorithm: What is it. Specifies how the data will be transformed
|| || || || || || || || || ||




Implementation: What do we need: How do representations get represented || || || || || || || || || ||



physically?



Marr's theory of visual processing (Follows from the tri-level information
|| || || || || || || || || ||



hypothesis) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Take complex stimuli and represent
|| || || || || || || || ||



them ||

,1.

Light and dark features and make a very rough sketch
|| || || || || || || || ||




2.

2.5 dimensional thing where you're trying but still bound by the viewing
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||



location, and it changes with movement and motion
|| || || || || || ||




3. ||




Finally 3-dimensional!!! Solves constancy problem that it'll change when you
|| || || || || || || || || ||



move because you see all of it
|| || || || || ||




But....bad b/c didn't have neural implementation; was too ideal
|| || || || || || || ||




Elongation Axis (Marr) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The axis by which most
|| || || || || || || || || || ||



of the objects matter is revolved around
|| || || || || ||




Symmetry Axis (Marrs) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Axis by which it's
|| || || || || || || || || ||



symmetric in mirror halves || || ||




Flow of Visual Information - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Starts at the optic
|| || || || || || || || || || ||



nerve, goes through the optic chaism and splits off into 2 before heading into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||



the brainstem before going into the thalamus (LGN: Lateral geniculate cortex)
|| || || || || || || || || ||



and then V1 and V2 and splits into dorsal/ventral streams
|| || || || || || || || || ||




V1: Primary Visual Cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coming from LGN
|| || || || || || || || ||

,Process low level features which feature detectors that try to do orientation
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||



and direction of movement, finding edges and countours
|| || || || || || ||




Maps onto the V2/Striate cortex
|| || || ||




V2: Striate Cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coming from V1. tries to do
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||



more complex arrangements of edges and shape.
|| || || || || ||




Also does depth and determines retinal disparity, which is just because of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||



binocular vision. ||




In the extrastriate cortex, uust outisde, they process more shit
|| || || || || || || || ||




Stereopsis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Depth Perception
|| || || || ||




Trichromatic Theory of Coloar - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Retina has 3|| || || || || || || || || ||



cones: red, green, and blue || || || ||




Opponent Process Theory of Color - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Color receptor
|| || || || || || || || ||



cells have an excitatory center and inhibitory surround and the color pairings
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||




Color and marketing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Color can affect marketing:
|| || || || || || || || || ||



duh w/ assocations
|| ||




Ventral Pathway - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The 'what' stream
|| || || || || || ||

, After being in V2, it's sent to V4 and then the ITC, inferior temporal cortex,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||



which is responsible for identifying faces and body parts.
|| || || || || || || ||




Blindsight - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rare condition where people who are
|| || || || || || || || || ||



blind in a visual field can 'guess' things in their non-vision, like location of an
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||



object or the emotion of a face.
|| || || || || ||




What explains blindsight? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A theory that visual
|| || || || || || || || || ||



processing can skip the visual cortex and go straight into the limbic system
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||




This explains the 'intuition' b'c it;'s more emotional and instinctual
|| || || || || || || || ||




Debate in representation of information - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Analog
|| || || || || || || || ||



code (as a picture) or propositional (descriptive)
|| || || || || ||




Sparked from Roger Shepherd and Jacqueline Metzler
|| || || || || ||




Evidence for Analog Code - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Used in identifying
|| || || || || || || || || ||



visual imagery. Since it takes longer to rotate specific objects/orientations, the
|| || || || || || || || || || ||



amount of time information gets processed depends. Evidence for analog code
|| || || || || || || || || ||



because it wouldn't be processed like compute
|| || || || || || ||




Also the plane task: The farther things were from this plane the longer it took
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||



to process
|| ||