HESI A2 BIOLOGY PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & STUDY GUIDE
2025 (100+ Q&A, PDF)
Chromosomes are VISIBLY
separate and the duplicate
Prophase
chromosomes have sister
chromatids
Nuclear envelope begins to
disappear and chromosomes
Prometaphase
begin to attatch at the spindle
forming along the axis of each
cell
Chromosomes align along the
center of the cell in whats called
Metaphase
"metaphase plate"
When chromosomes begin
seperating. Chromatids are now
Anaphase
considered seperate
chromosomes
Chromosomes gather on either
side of now seperating cell.
Telophase
Marks end of mitosis
(seperate from mitosos) cell
pinches in 2 forming 2 identical
Cytokinesis
cells
Form mitotic spindles during cell division
Centrioles
microtubules that attatch to align
chromosomes during cell
Mitotic spindles
division
, Main microtubule organizing
center (crucual for formation of
Centrosome
mitocic spindles and proper
cell division). Centrioles
branch off centrosome
Microfilaments AKA actin filaments, thinnest filaments
of cytoskeleton Found in cytoplasm
and provide cell support
Gluconeogenesis Generates glucose from NON-carb sources (fats and
proteins). Does NOT lead to cellular energy
production
1. High specific heat (creates stable temp environments)
2. Polarity (allows for adhesion->capillary action and cohesion)
3. Lattice structure when frozen - Makes ice less dense
Characteristics of Water
than water due to molecules spreading out and
becoming less dense
4. Polar
covalent
bonds 5.
Transcription Happens in Nucleus, DNA is unzipped and mRNA
strand is copied via RNA polymerase
DNA bonds Hydrogen bonds between bases; phosphodiester bonds in
backbone.
RNA difference from DNA Single stranded, Uracil base instead of Thymine
mRNA read by tRNA 3 letters at a time (codon). tRNA
Translation brings corresponding AA for each codon. Once tRNA
is bound it releases corresponding AA and AA chain
is formed codon by codon. Polypeptide formed
Stop Codon Sequence of DNA/RNA that codes to stop
translation/transcription
QUESTIONS & STUDY GUIDE
2025 (100+ Q&A, PDF)
Chromosomes are VISIBLY
separate and the duplicate
Prophase
chromosomes have sister
chromatids
Nuclear envelope begins to
disappear and chromosomes
Prometaphase
begin to attatch at the spindle
forming along the axis of each
cell
Chromosomes align along the
center of the cell in whats called
Metaphase
"metaphase plate"
When chromosomes begin
seperating. Chromatids are now
Anaphase
considered seperate
chromosomes
Chromosomes gather on either
side of now seperating cell.
Telophase
Marks end of mitosis
(seperate from mitosos) cell
pinches in 2 forming 2 identical
Cytokinesis
cells
Form mitotic spindles during cell division
Centrioles
microtubules that attatch to align
chromosomes during cell
Mitotic spindles
division
, Main microtubule organizing
center (crucual for formation of
Centrosome
mitocic spindles and proper
cell division). Centrioles
branch off centrosome
Microfilaments AKA actin filaments, thinnest filaments
of cytoskeleton Found in cytoplasm
and provide cell support
Gluconeogenesis Generates glucose from NON-carb sources (fats and
proteins). Does NOT lead to cellular energy
production
1. High specific heat (creates stable temp environments)
2. Polarity (allows for adhesion->capillary action and cohesion)
3. Lattice structure when frozen - Makes ice less dense
Characteristics of Water
than water due to molecules spreading out and
becoming less dense
4. Polar
covalent
bonds 5.
Transcription Happens in Nucleus, DNA is unzipped and mRNA
strand is copied via RNA polymerase
DNA bonds Hydrogen bonds between bases; phosphodiester bonds in
backbone.
RNA difference from DNA Single stranded, Uracil base instead of Thymine
mRNA read by tRNA 3 letters at a time (codon). tRNA
Translation brings corresponding AA for each codon. Once tRNA
is bound it releases corresponding AA and AA chain
is formed codon by codon. Polypeptide formed
Stop Codon Sequence of DNA/RNA that codes to stop
translation/transcription
