Health Systems Exam 1 Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is the US definition of health? - Answers Biomedical model (absence of disease)
What is the WHO definition of health? - Answers A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-
being and not just the absence of disease
What are the four dimensions of health? - Answers Physical, mental, social, spiritual
What are the 10 essential public health services? - Answers Monitor, diagnose, inform, mobilize
community action, develop policies, enforce laws, link people, competent healthcare workforce,
evaluate, research (MD IM DL LW ER)
What are the four determinants of health? - Answers Environment, lifestyle, heredity, medical care
What about environment makes it a determinant of health? - Answers Physical, social, cultural, and
economic factors
What about lifestyle makes it a determinant of health? - Answers Behaviors, attitudes toward health
What about heredity makes it a determinant of health? - Answers Current health and lifestyle practices
are likely to impact future gens
What about medical care makes it a determinant of health? - Answers Healthcare delivery system
What is the biggest determinant that contributes to premature death? - Answers Lifestyle and behavior
What are the measures of health status? - Answers Morb/mort, inc/prev, disability, demographics,
dimensions, utilization
What is the epidemiologic triangle? - Answers Agent - Host - Environment
What are the three predominant healthcare beliefs of Americans? - Answers Strong belief in science,
capitalism, self-determination
What are the consequences of a health system that focuses on disease? - Answers Supremacy of "cure"
over prevention, use of negative outcome measures, training is intervention oriented
What is market justice? - Answers Capitalism and free markets has been extended to healthcare -
maximize economic productivity
What is social justice? - Answers Retrain markets for healthcare, distribute goods through govt
What drives innovation in healthcare in US? - Answers Profit
What is the role of competition in healthcare? - Answers Enhance quality, lower prices, give choice
, What are the five components of the latent failure model? - Answers Prescribing, transcribing,
dispensing, administering, monitoring
What are the characteristics of a system? - Answers Hierarchies, boundaries, openness, dynamic,
synergetic, control through feedback, autopoesis, equifinality
What is Autopoesis? - Answers The tendency of some systems to be self-organizing, spontaneously
creating new structures and flows that are efficient. The marketing system is such a system. This is one
of the central concepts of Complexity Theory.
What is Equifinality? - Answers The fact that a given end result can be achieved through a number of
different combinations of system behaviors and pathways. This bears heavily on marketing strategies in
terms of finding lower cost pathways and activities, or ones where competition is less.
What factors can affect health care delivery? - Answers Culture, global influence, population
characteristics, physical environment, tech, economy, politics
Who are the stakeholders in the US framework? - Answers Patients, employers, providers, payers, govt
What are the functions of the US healthcare framework? - Answers Financing, insurance, payment,
delivery
What are the settings of the US healthcare system? - Answers Inpatient, long term care, outpatient,
ambulatory, primary care
What is the quality improvement triangle? - Answers Cost, quality, access
What percent of health expenditure is on drugs? - Answers 10%
What is the largest portion of health expenditure? - Answers Hospital care (30%)
How do most people get health insurance? - Answers Employer-sponsored
What percent of the population is uninsured? - Answers 16%
What percent of the non-elderly population is uninsured? - Answers 18%
What percent of the uninsured population is <100% of the FPL? - Answers 41%
What was the cultural belief of medicine in the 18th/19th century? - Answers Consumer sovereignty
What was the cultural belief of medicine in the 19th/20th century? - Answers Professional dominance
What was the cultural belief of medicine in the 20th/21st century? - Answers Corporate dominance
What was the cause of the transformation of medicine from "trade" to profession? - Answers
Urbanization, science, institutionalization, patient dependency, licensing
What is the US definition of health? - Answers Biomedical model (absence of disease)
What is the WHO definition of health? - Answers A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-
being and not just the absence of disease
What are the four dimensions of health? - Answers Physical, mental, social, spiritual
What are the 10 essential public health services? - Answers Monitor, diagnose, inform, mobilize
community action, develop policies, enforce laws, link people, competent healthcare workforce,
evaluate, research (MD IM DL LW ER)
What are the four determinants of health? - Answers Environment, lifestyle, heredity, medical care
What about environment makes it a determinant of health? - Answers Physical, social, cultural, and
economic factors
What about lifestyle makes it a determinant of health? - Answers Behaviors, attitudes toward health
What about heredity makes it a determinant of health? - Answers Current health and lifestyle practices
are likely to impact future gens
What about medical care makes it a determinant of health? - Answers Healthcare delivery system
What is the biggest determinant that contributes to premature death? - Answers Lifestyle and behavior
What are the measures of health status? - Answers Morb/mort, inc/prev, disability, demographics,
dimensions, utilization
What is the epidemiologic triangle? - Answers Agent - Host - Environment
What are the three predominant healthcare beliefs of Americans? - Answers Strong belief in science,
capitalism, self-determination
What are the consequences of a health system that focuses on disease? - Answers Supremacy of "cure"
over prevention, use of negative outcome measures, training is intervention oriented
What is market justice? - Answers Capitalism and free markets has been extended to healthcare -
maximize economic productivity
What is social justice? - Answers Retrain markets for healthcare, distribute goods through govt
What drives innovation in healthcare in US? - Answers Profit
What is the role of competition in healthcare? - Answers Enhance quality, lower prices, give choice
, What are the five components of the latent failure model? - Answers Prescribing, transcribing,
dispensing, administering, monitoring
What are the characteristics of a system? - Answers Hierarchies, boundaries, openness, dynamic,
synergetic, control through feedback, autopoesis, equifinality
What is Autopoesis? - Answers The tendency of some systems to be self-organizing, spontaneously
creating new structures and flows that are efficient. The marketing system is such a system. This is one
of the central concepts of Complexity Theory.
What is Equifinality? - Answers The fact that a given end result can be achieved through a number of
different combinations of system behaviors and pathways. This bears heavily on marketing strategies in
terms of finding lower cost pathways and activities, or ones where competition is less.
What factors can affect health care delivery? - Answers Culture, global influence, population
characteristics, physical environment, tech, economy, politics
Who are the stakeholders in the US framework? - Answers Patients, employers, providers, payers, govt
What are the functions of the US healthcare framework? - Answers Financing, insurance, payment,
delivery
What are the settings of the US healthcare system? - Answers Inpatient, long term care, outpatient,
ambulatory, primary care
What is the quality improvement triangle? - Answers Cost, quality, access
What percent of health expenditure is on drugs? - Answers 10%
What is the largest portion of health expenditure? - Answers Hospital care (30%)
How do most people get health insurance? - Answers Employer-sponsored
What percent of the population is uninsured? - Answers 16%
What percent of the non-elderly population is uninsured? - Answers 18%
What percent of the uninsured population is <100% of the FPL? - Answers 41%
What was the cultural belief of medicine in the 18th/19th century? - Answers Consumer sovereignty
What was the cultural belief of medicine in the 19th/20th century? - Answers Professional dominance
What was the cultural belief of medicine in the 20th/21st century? - Answers Corporate dominance
What was the cause of the transformation of medicine from "trade" to profession? - Answers
Urbanization, science, institutionalization, patient dependency, licensing
