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NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1:
Newest 2025 Updates
Atrophy - ...(ANSWERS)....E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
Hypertrophy - ...(ANSWERS)....E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
Hyperplasia - ...(ANSWERS)....E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Dysplasia - ...(ANSWERS)....E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
, 2
Metaplasia - ...(ANSWERS)....E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
Hypoxia injury - ...(ANSWERS)....E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Free radical and ROS - ...(ANSWERS)....E. normal byproduct of ATP production,
will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol - ...(ANSWERS)....E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and
nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure
irreversible
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1:
Newest 2025 Updates
Atrophy - ...(ANSWERS)....E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
Hypertrophy - ...(ANSWERS)....E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
Hyperplasia - ...(ANSWERS)....E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Dysplasia - ...(ANSWERS)....E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
, 2
Metaplasia - ...(ANSWERS)....E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
Hypoxia injury - ...(ANSWERS)....E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Free radical and ROS - ...(ANSWERS)....E. normal byproduct of ATP production,
will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol - ...(ANSWERS)....E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and
nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure
irreversible
