S-130 & S-190 Study Guide Exam Questions And Answers

Anchor point - ANS Minimize the chance of being flanked by the fire while the line is being constructed Should you fight fire without an anchor point and why? - ANS No, Fire can create a flanking it can come back in a different direction L.C.E.S. - ANS Lookout Communication Escape Route Safety Zone What is dry lightning? - ANS a lightning strike without rain How many gallons of water do most backpack pump extinguisher hold? - ANS 4-8 Compressed-air foam system (CAFS) - ANS A system that combines foam concentrate, water, and compressed air to produce foam that can stick to both vegetation and structures. Island - ANS An unburned area surrounded by fire. Heel of the fire - ANS The side opposite the head of the fire, which is often close to the area of origin. Unburned indentions in the fire edge formed by fingers or slow burning areas - ANS Pockets of a fire Fire ignited outside the perimeter of the main fire by a firebrand - ANS Spot fire Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly - ANS Creeping fire The burning of foliage of a single tree or a small group of trees, from the bottom up - ANS Torching An advantageous location, usually a barrier to fire spread, from which to start constructing a fireline. Used to minimize the chance of being flanked by the fire while the line is being constructed. - ANS Anchor point How many feet is a Chain equal to? - ANS 66 feet These slopes are normally more exposed to sunlight, have lighter and sparser fuels, higher temperatures, lower humidity, lower fuel moisture and are the most critical in terms of start and spread of wild land fires. - ANS South and Southwest facing slopes Air is drawn in from the bottom of these canyons creating very strong upslope drafts creating rapid fire spread up the canyon (chimney effect). Reacts similar to a fire in a wood burning stove - ANS Box Canyons 100 hour fuels - ANS 1 - 3 inches diameter Visual Indicators of an Unstable Atmosphere - ANS Clouds grow vertically and smoke rises to great heights Cumulus clouds Good Visibility Gusty Winds Dust Devils and Firewhirls The part of a fire's perimeter that is roughly parallel to the main direction of spread - ANS Flank of a fire That portion of a fire spreading directly into the wind or down slope. That portion of a fire edge opposite the head Slowest spreading portion of a fire edge. Also called heel of a fire - ANS Rear of a fire The entire outer edge or boundary of a fire - ANS Fire perimeter Fire burning without flame and barely spreading - ANS Smoldering Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly - ANS Creeping fire A fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire. - ANS Crown fire How many Chains in a Mile? - ANS 80 3 types of Canyons: - ANS Box Narrow Wide What is the general speed of upslope wind? - ANS between 3 and 8 mph and can be gusty Not having anchor points allows space for fire to do what? - ANS Flank firefighters