Zoology – Comprehensive Final Exam Review with Practice Questions
and Correct answers for Animal Classification, Anatomy, Physiology,
and Evolution
Sponges are under the phylum... - correct answer Porifera
What types of asexual reproduction occur in protozoans? - correct answer Binary fission
(nucleus division), and multiple fission (repeated nuclear divisions followed by cytokinesis)
What type of symmetry do sponges have? - correct answer Cylindrical sponges have radial
symmetry and others are asymmetrical
What is the phylum Platyhelminthes? - correct answer flatworms
What is the osmoregulatory challenge for freshwater Protozoa? - correct answer Excess water
gain through osmosis
What body plans in sponges have radial symmetry? - correct answer Asconoid and syconoid
Nervous system in Platyhelminthes - correct answer -up to 5 pairs of nerve cords with lateral
and cross nerves
Symmetry of platyhelminthes - correct answer adult appearance is bilateral with anterior,
posterior, dorsal, ventral, and lateral surfaces
What is the major end product of protein metabolism in protozoans? - correct answer
Ammonia
3 types of feeding modes - correct answer Ingestion, absorption, and photosynthesis
What type types of sexual reproduction occur in protozoans? - correct answer Syngamy
(traditional reproduction), and conjugation (mutual exchange of genetic information)
Class Trematoda characteristics - correct answer -two or three hosts
-intermediate host is always a snail or other invertebrate (crustacean)
-definitive host is usually a vertebrate
What two methods of asexual reproduction occur in sponges? - correct answer Bud formation
and fragmentation/regeneration
What is a spongocoel in a sponge? - correct answer Open channel in the middle
Proglottids (Tapeworm) characteristics - correct answer -chain of buds produced by strobila
-more proglottids causes more surface area of the tapeworm and more nutrients consumed
,excretion and respiration in Platyhelminthes - correct answer -simple diffusion
-flattened body aides in this process and it is easier for diffusion to occur due to the high
surface to volume ratio
What is triploblastic? - correct answer three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
Contractile vacuoles that are in archaeocytes and choanocytes are in which sponges ? - correct
answer Freshwater sponges
Organ Systems: Circulatory - correct answer -transport system
-CLOSED circuit for us-moving and delivering material-some animals don't have these systems
-carrying away waste material
4 classes of platyhelminthes - correct answer 1. Turbellaria (free living flatworms)
2. Monogenea (small flukes and ectoparasites on fishes)
3. Trematoda (large flukes and endoparasites)
4. Cestoda (tapeworms)
Organ Systems: Nervous - correct answer Signaling system
Which organ systems are connected? - correct answer -circulatory and lymphatic
-nervous and endocrine
-skeletal and muscular
What is an osculum in a sponge? - correct answer Where water escapes at the high pressure
tallest end
body plan of platyhelminthes - correct answer -cephalization (leads with head part of body)
-body is flattened dorso-ventrally
Nervous system in flatworms - correct answer ladder-like
-one pair of lateral nerve cords connected to cerebral ganglia
Tapeworms have elaborate skin surface texturing... - correct answer A syncytial tegument with
microtriches with lots of surface area
Cnidaria Classes - correct answer Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Anthozoa
Class Monogenea characteristics - correct answer -one host
-one offspring per egg-found on external surfaces
,-commonly lives on the gills or in the cloaca of a fish-sexual reproduction ONLY
How does excretion occur in protozoans ? - correct answer simple diffusion from high to low
concentration
What are septa? - correct answer Separations like our nasal passages, this occurs in sea
anemones
What are vitelline glands? - correct answer In proglottids for yolk production
-the yolk is the food for tapeworm eggs
What organisms are under the phylum Cnidaria ? - correct answer Jellyfish, sea anemone, and
coral
What is a nerve net? - correct answer Nerve cells connect to muscular cells, forming a
coordinated neuromuscular system
3 levels of BODY STRUCTURE COMPLEXITY in a sponge? - correct answer Asconoid, syconoid,
and leuconoid
Organ Systems: Skeletal - correct answer -also include exoskeletons or thermo pressure
-limited protection
-holding things up against gravity (not a problem for aquatic creatures)
-muscle attachment points
What is excretion? - correct answer Getting rid of metabolic waste (nitrogenous waste) from
the cells
Body Cavity of Phylum Platyhelminthes - correct answer -acoelomate (no true body cavity)
-space between epidermis and gastrodermis is filled with cellular material of mesodermal origin
called parenchyma
Sponges lack... - correct answer Organs, sensory systems, digestive systems, and tissues
What does a sponge eat? - correct answer LIVING OR DEAD
-organic particles, living plankton, bacteria within a size range
Pseudopodia - correct answer Fluid extensions of the cell
Lobopodia: blunt and temporary (Eg. Amoeba)
Axopodia: long and thin with a rigid rod in the middle
Are most sponges monoecious or dioecious? - correct answer monoecious
, Are Protozoa autotrophs or heterotrophs? - correct answer heterotrophs(Can't synthesize)
What class of sponge is the most abundant? - correct answer Demospongiae
3 types of symmetry - correct answer spherical, radial, bilateral
Nervous system in Cnidaria - correct answer True tissue: nerve net with no central control or
brain
-bidirectional nerve cells (nerves that go both ways, opposite of a human)
Pinocytosis - correct answer Similar to phagocytosis (cell eating), this is cell drinking through
vacuoles
Epidermis cell types (Cnidaria) - correct answer Epitheliomuscular cells: longitudinal muscle
layer for movement
Cnidocytes: protection and prey capture
Sensory: sensing chemical and tactile stimuli
Gland: secrete adhesive, gas bubbles, mucus
Interstitial: stem cells
Nerve cells
What do algae get from photosynthesis ? - correct answer JUST SUGAR
-they absorb other essential nutrients from the water
Characteristics of the class Calcarea - correct answer -calcareous spicules
-Asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid
-only extant class with asconoids though
Elimination - correct answer Getting rid of food waste we don't absorb
Exocytosis - correct answer a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to
the exterior
Phagocytosis - correct answer Also called endocytosis, taking something into the cell. Protozoa
do this.
Spongocytes, collencytes, and sclerocytes secrete what? - correct answer In sponges they
secrete spongin, collagen, and spicules
Organ Systems: Muscular - correct answer Move body parts (food, blood, limbs)
How does Cnidaria use their Cnidocyte ? - correct answer -some sting and envenomate
and Correct answers for Animal Classification, Anatomy, Physiology,
and Evolution
Sponges are under the phylum... - correct answer Porifera
What types of asexual reproduction occur in protozoans? - correct answer Binary fission
(nucleus division), and multiple fission (repeated nuclear divisions followed by cytokinesis)
What type of symmetry do sponges have? - correct answer Cylindrical sponges have radial
symmetry and others are asymmetrical
What is the phylum Platyhelminthes? - correct answer flatworms
What is the osmoregulatory challenge for freshwater Protozoa? - correct answer Excess water
gain through osmosis
What body plans in sponges have radial symmetry? - correct answer Asconoid and syconoid
Nervous system in Platyhelminthes - correct answer -up to 5 pairs of nerve cords with lateral
and cross nerves
Symmetry of platyhelminthes - correct answer adult appearance is bilateral with anterior,
posterior, dorsal, ventral, and lateral surfaces
What is the major end product of protein metabolism in protozoans? - correct answer
Ammonia
3 types of feeding modes - correct answer Ingestion, absorption, and photosynthesis
What type types of sexual reproduction occur in protozoans? - correct answer Syngamy
(traditional reproduction), and conjugation (mutual exchange of genetic information)
Class Trematoda characteristics - correct answer -two or three hosts
-intermediate host is always a snail or other invertebrate (crustacean)
-definitive host is usually a vertebrate
What two methods of asexual reproduction occur in sponges? - correct answer Bud formation
and fragmentation/regeneration
What is a spongocoel in a sponge? - correct answer Open channel in the middle
Proglottids (Tapeworm) characteristics - correct answer -chain of buds produced by strobila
-more proglottids causes more surface area of the tapeworm and more nutrients consumed
,excretion and respiration in Platyhelminthes - correct answer -simple diffusion
-flattened body aides in this process and it is easier for diffusion to occur due to the high
surface to volume ratio
What is triploblastic? - correct answer three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
Contractile vacuoles that are in archaeocytes and choanocytes are in which sponges ? - correct
answer Freshwater sponges
Organ Systems: Circulatory - correct answer -transport system
-CLOSED circuit for us-moving and delivering material-some animals don't have these systems
-carrying away waste material
4 classes of platyhelminthes - correct answer 1. Turbellaria (free living flatworms)
2. Monogenea (small flukes and ectoparasites on fishes)
3. Trematoda (large flukes and endoparasites)
4. Cestoda (tapeworms)
Organ Systems: Nervous - correct answer Signaling system
Which organ systems are connected? - correct answer -circulatory and lymphatic
-nervous and endocrine
-skeletal and muscular
What is an osculum in a sponge? - correct answer Where water escapes at the high pressure
tallest end
body plan of platyhelminthes - correct answer -cephalization (leads with head part of body)
-body is flattened dorso-ventrally
Nervous system in flatworms - correct answer ladder-like
-one pair of lateral nerve cords connected to cerebral ganglia
Tapeworms have elaborate skin surface texturing... - correct answer A syncytial tegument with
microtriches with lots of surface area
Cnidaria Classes - correct answer Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Anthozoa
Class Monogenea characteristics - correct answer -one host
-one offspring per egg-found on external surfaces
,-commonly lives on the gills or in the cloaca of a fish-sexual reproduction ONLY
How does excretion occur in protozoans ? - correct answer simple diffusion from high to low
concentration
What are septa? - correct answer Separations like our nasal passages, this occurs in sea
anemones
What are vitelline glands? - correct answer In proglottids for yolk production
-the yolk is the food for tapeworm eggs
What organisms are under the phylum Cnidaria ? - correct answer Jellyfish, sea anemone, and
coral
What is a nerve net? - correct answer Nerve cells connect to muscular cells, forming a
coordinated neuromuscular system
3 levels of BODY STRUCTURE COMPLEXITY in a sponge? - correct answer Asconoid, syconoid,
and leuconoid
Organ Systems: Skeletal - correct answer -also include exoskeletons or thermo pressure
-limited protection
-holding things up against gravity (not a problem for aquatic creatures)
-muscle attachment points
What is excretion? - correct answer Getting rid of metabolic waste (nitrogenous waste) from
the cells
Body Cavity of Phylum Platyhelminthes - correct answer -acoelomate (no true body cavity)
-space between epidermis and gastrodermis is filled with cellular material of mesodermal origin
called parenchyma
Sponges lack... - correct answer Organs, sensory systems, digestive systems, and tissues
What does a sponge eat? - correct answer LIVING OR DEAD
-organic particles, living plankton, bacteria within a size range
Pseudopodia - correct answer Fluid extensions of the cell
Lobopodia: blunt and temporary (Eg. Amoeba)
Axopodia: long and thin with a rigid rod in the middle
Are most sponges monoecious or dioecious? - correct answer monoecious
, Are Protozoa autotrophs or heterotrophs? - correct answer heterotrophs(Can't synthesize)
What class of sponge is the most abundant? - correct answer Demospongiae
3 types of symmetry - correct answer spherical, radial, bilateral
Nervous system in Cnidaria - correct answer True tissue: nerve net with no central control or
brain
-bidirectional nerve cells (nerves that go both ways, opposite of a human)
Pinocytosis - correct answer Similar to phagocytosis (cell eating), this is cell drinking through
vacuoles
Epidermis cell types (Cnidaria) - correct answer Epitheliomuscular cells: longitudinal muscle
layer for movement
Cnidocytes: protection and prey capture
Sensory: sensing chemical and tactile stimuli
Gland: secrete adhesive, gas bubbles, mucus
Interstitial: stem cells
Nerve cells
What do algae get from photosynthesis ? - correct answer JUST SUGAR
-they absorb other essential nutrients from the water
Characteristics of the class Calcarea - correct answer -calcareous spicules
-Asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid
-only extant class with asconoids though
Elimination - correct answer Getting rid of food waste we don't absorb
Exocytosis - correct answer a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to
the exterior
Phagocytosis - correct answer Also called endocytosis, taking something into the cell. Protozoa
do this.
Spongocytes, collencytes, and sclerocytes secrete what? - correct answer In sponges they
secrete spongin, collagen, and spicules
Organ Systems: Muscular - correct answer Move body parts (food, blood, limbs)
How does Cnidaria use their Cnidocyte ? - correct answer -some sting and envenomate
